Lactation supports babies’ immune health and reduces the risk of breast cancer for the mother.
TrendsInImmunology.
Lactation is increasingly recognized as an immune-regulated process. Immune cells shape mammary gland development, coordinate tissue remodeling, and aid in milk production with lasting consequences for maternal health. Here, we summarize recent advances on the roles and dynamics of T cells in the mammary gland during lactation and beyond.
Degs1-related hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: four individuals from same family and review of literature.
ObjectivesDEGS1-related leukodystrophy has been described in 33 individuals to date with varying degrees of neurologic symptoms and atrophy/hypomyelination on MRI brain. We describe a family of 4 individuals with DEGS1-related leukodystrophy with phenotypic heterogeneity both within the family and in previously reported individuals.
New research reveals that LINE-1 retrotransposons don’t just nudge genes, they also trigger massive structural upheavals early in cancer development.
Read about the findings.
Where there’s a bountiful host, there are parasites ready to take advantage of the resources. This holds true even at microscopic levels. Lying within human DNA are repetitive elements called LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons that promote their own propagation at the cost of the host organism’s health.1 These genetic parasites create copies of themselves that then get inserted at new locations within the genome. Until recently, scientists thought that the activity of L1s mostly resulted in local alterations to genes.
Now, in a new study published in Science, researchers have demonstrated that L1s can trigger dramatic structural changes in DNA, resulting in cancer-causing mutations.2 These findings, which shed light on the intricate relationship between cancer evolution and the genome, could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for different cancers.
“Cancer genomes are more influenced by these jumping fragments of DNA parasites than we previously thought,” said José Tubio, a molecular biologist at the University of Santiago de Compostela, in a statement.
Indrajyoti Indra, Sergey M. Troyanovsky et al. (Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine) show that two δ-catenins, p120 and plakophilin-4, promote distinct cadherin clustering modes, α-catenin–dependent and α-catenin–independent, respectfully, thereby generating different types of adherens junctions.
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Accurate interpretation of gynecologic pelvic MRI depends on tailored protocols, thorough anatomic knowledge, and a systematic lesion-based approach. This review outlines classification by lesion origin and tissue composition.
MRI is used routinely in patients with gynecologic conditions due to its superior soft-tissue contrast and multiplanar capability. It can provide a detailed assessment of pelvic anatomy, lesion origin, tissue characteristics, and disease extent. Its indications include (a) characterizing US-indeterminate adnexal masses, (b) evaluating the cause of pelvic pain and abnormal uterine bleeding, © mapping symptomatic uterine leiomyomas and differentiating them from uterine sarcomas, (d) staging gynecologic cancers, and (e) addressing complex congenital müllerian duct anomalies. Additional indications include evaluating for pelvic floor dysfunction, fistulas, or placental abnormalities.
This article aims to enhance the interpretation of female pelvic MRI for gynecologic conditions. After outlining patient preparation, tailored MRI protocols, and the normal female pelvic anatomy, a step-by-step approach to interpretation is presented, focusing on evaluating lesion origin, lesion tissue composition, and solid tissue morphology (Fig 1). The review also emphasizes the importance of incorporating the patient’s clinical history to narrow the differential diagnosis and the role of disease-specific structured reporting in improving communication (Fig 1).
tuberculosis infection?
Philana Ling Lin & team report on SIV/ART/TB models, finding antiretroviral treatment reduces pulmonary TB pathology, yet does not prevent extrapulmonary spread of TB.
1Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
2Center for Vaccine Research.
3Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, and.
4Division of Laboratory Animal Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
GUTImage from the paper by Wang et al entitled.
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GastricCancer.
Background Gastric cancer (GC) ranks among the most prevalent lethal tumours globally. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are pivotal in creating an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME) in GC.
Objective Identifying a critical subpopulation of CAFs in promoting an immunosuppressive TME and enabling immune evasion, which may influence therapeutic effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for GC.
New in practicalRO.
Standardization in clinical workflows is widely recognized as a driver of safety, efficiency, and consistency. The challenge for modern practice is determining the appropriate degree and rigidity of standardization, especially as automation and adaptive technologies reshape workflows.
