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Category: cosmology

JWST ‘weighs’ dormant black hole 10 billion light-years away

The most distant, nearly invisible dormant black hole has been detected and “weighed” by an international team of astronomers that includes researchers from UCL. The study, published in Science, identified a dormant black hole at the heart of a galaxy known as MRG-M0138 located over 10 billion light years away. It is the most distant dormant black hole yet detected, 15 times farther away than the previous record.

The black hole’s mass is about 6 billion times that of the sun, and is being observed at a time when the universe was only about 3 billion years old, about a quarter of its current age, offering unprecedented details into black holes in the early universe.

To find this, the team used data from NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope to track the motion of stars orbiting around the otherwise invisible black hole to measure its mass. Though the technique—known as stellar dynamics —has been used to measure dormant black holes in galaxies much closer to Earth, this is the first time it has been used to weigh one located such a great (cosmological) distance away.

Measuring gravitational waves in a humming universe with a coordinate-free approach

Gravitational waves are tiny ripples in spacetime. Their first direct detection in 2015 marked a revolutionary moment in astronomy. Today, we have a thorough understanding of signals that travel far from their sources through quiet, nearly empty space, such as those emitted when black holes merge. In this case, the wave can be considered a minor disturbance on a silent background. The distinction between “background” and “wave” is clear, and the quantity measured by the detector—a tiny stretching and squeezing—is clearly determined.

In cosmology, however, things are more subtle. The focus shifts to the universe in its entirety—encompassing spacetime and everything contained within it, such as stars, black holes and galaxies. The background itself is dynamic. Small fluctuations in density and velocity gently stir spacetime everywhere, blurring the boundary with the wave.

But what exactly does a gravitational-wave detector measure when the entire universe is gently vibrating? Previously, theoretical predictions were entirely dependent on the choice of mathematical coordinates. However, the only meaningful quantity is what a real instrument records, which must be coordinate-independent.

Record ultraviolet quasar wind reaches 30% light speed near supermassive black hole

A team led by York University researchers has discovered the fastest wind near a supermassive black hole ever found at ultraviolet wavelengths, driven by the disk of matter (quasar) surrounding the black hole.

“This quasar has a black hole of 1.7 billion times the mass of the sun. That’s typical. What’s not typical is that it has gas moving towards us at 30% of the speed of light,” says York Professor Patrick Hall of the Faculty of Science.

The finding is published in a paper in The Astrophysical Journal.

Violating the 3rd law of black hole mechanics in vacuum gravity

Black holes, regions in space where gravity is so strong that nothing can escape, have been widely studied over the past decades, due to their unique and intriguing properties. Einstein’s theory of general relativity predicts that black holes obey a set of rules, known as the laws of black hole mechanics. These rules somewhat resemble the laws of thermodynamics, which delineate how energy, heat, and entropy behave in our universe.

The 3rd law of black hole mechanics states that an extremal black hole, or in other words, a black hole that is spinning or charged to its absolute theoretical limit, cannot realistically form in a finite amount of time.

Extremal black holes are predicted to have a surface gravity of zero, thus they do not emit standard Hawking radiation and would not evaporate in a vacuum. This specific characteristic of extremal black holes is known as “zero temperature.”

Distant blazar OP 313 emits very high-energy gamma rays above 100 GeV

An international team of astronomers have employed one of the Large-Sized Telescopes (LSTs) at the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) to observe a distant blazar known as OP 313. Results of the observational campaign, published May 26 on the arXiv preprint server, shed more light on the behavior and nature of this object.

Blazars are extremely compact quasi-stellar objects (quasars) associated with supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at the centers of active, giant elliptical galaxies. They are the most luminous and extreme subclass of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). The characteristic features of blazars are highly collimated relativistic jets oriented very close to our line of sight.

Based on their optical emission properties, astronomers generally divide blazars into two classes: flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) that feature prominent and broad optical emission lines, and BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs), which do not.

Study Suggests Spacetime Can Crystallize Possibly Solving Several Mysteries

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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about crystallization of spacetime.
Links:
https://journals.aps.org/prl/pdf/10.1…
#science #physics #spacetime.

0:00 Can spacetime crystallize?
0:35 So what is this then?
1:55 Let’s define the main terms and phenomena: spacetime.
2:30 Crystals.
2:55 Spacetime crystal.
3:50 Previous challenges and propositions.
5:10 Main achievement in the study.
6:10 What does any of this mean for us?
7:10 Solving singularity and quantum gravity?
8:05 Explaining dark matter?
8:45 JWST observations.
9:28 Any proof? Gravitational waves!
11:55 Conclusions.

Enjoy and please subscribe.

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What If Scientists Already PROVED We’re In A Simulation?| Truth By Lisa Randall

If Scientists Already PROVED We’re In A Simulation?
Bell’s theorem. Maldacena’s holographic proof. Wheeler’s participatory universe.
Three independent bodies of peer-reviewed physics — all pointing at the same unsettling answer.
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Bell’s theorem. Maldacena’s holographic proof. Wheeler’s participatory universe.
Three independent bodies of peer-reviewed physics — all pointing at the same unsettling answer.
What if the simulation hypothesis isn’t a thought experiment? What if the physics we already have — quantum entanglement, the holographic principle, the measurement problem — is the proof?
In this video, Harvard theoretical physicist Lisa Randall walks through the three experiments and mathematical proofs that, taken together, describe a universe that functions in every measurable way like a simulation. Not as metaphor. As structure.
We cover:
→ Alain Aspect’s 1982 Bell test experiment and what it actually proved about local reality.
→ The Bekenstein-Hawking holographic bound — why information scales with surface area, not volume.
→ Maldacena’s AdS/CFT correspondence — the proof that a 3D universe is dual to a 2D information system.
→ Wheeler’s delayed choice experiment and the participatory universe.
→ What the fine-tuning problem looks like inside a simulation framework.
→ Why you — the observer — are not peripheral to the physics. You are part of the mechanism.
This is Episode 1 of The Proof Series — a weekly deep-dive into peer-reviewed science that challenges everything you think you know about reality.
New episode every Thursday.
— Lisa Randall is a theoretical physicist and professor at Harvard University, author of Warped Passages and Dark Matter and the Dinosaurs, and one of the most cited physicists alive.
#SimulationTheory #QuantumPhysics #HolographicUniverse.
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3. TIMESTAMPS / CHAPTERS
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00:00 — The proof nobody is talking about.
01:10 — What \

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