Lifeboat Foundation

Illustration: Liu Rui/GT

China on Monday released its third report on the “Volt Typhoon” investigation. The report not only provides critical new information but also delivers a clearer message to responsible stakeholders concerned with global cyberspace security and governance: A previously underappreciated threat must be taken seriously. This threat originates from US intelligence agencies and security bodies, which, possessing superior technological capabilities, engage in “false flag” operations — activities carried out to deliberately conceal the true origin of cyberattacks while falsely attributing responsibility to someone else, particularly an opponent. To serve their own interests, these organizations openly or tacitly collaborate with high-tech companies.

The Marble Framework mentioned in the latest investigative report was first exposed in 2017 when WikiLeaks claimed to have obtained information from inside the CIA’s Center for Cyber Intelligence. Developed by the CIA as an anti-forensics tool, the primary function of the Marble Framework is to obscure and disguise the true origins of cyberattacks, making it difficult to trace these attacks back to the actual perpetrators. The Marble Framework employs string obfuscation to hide textual information within the malware, as this text often provides forensic experts with clues to identify the developer or country of origin behind the malicious software.

Not only will these export controls be increasingly difficult to implement, but they would also unlikely be in the best interests of the United States. Indeed, the current trajectory of export policies risks unintended consequences for little long-term strategic benefit. These include a decline in the competitiveness of the United States, a decoupling from U.S.-developed technology, and uncertainty for the domestic tech industry, amongst other risks.

A Better Way Forward

For the United States to maintain its global AI leadership, it must focus on competition and outcompeting its geopolitical rivals in the development, implementation, and diffusion of AI-based systems domestically and internationally instead of an expert-control-first approach. Defending against the rise of digital authoritarianism requires embracing competition and openness, enabling effective market access, and supporting the diffusion of U.S. AI-enabled technology and governance standards.

Throughout history, humans have sought to transcend the ordinary boundaries of consciousness, reaching for experiences beyond the everyday. They did this through various means, including the use of psychedelics and mind-altering substances. These substances have played a profound role in shaping ancient rituals, belief systems, and even governance. From the shamanic traditions of Siberia to the sophisticated ceremonies of the Maya, the use of psychoactive plants and compounds has been a ubiquitous feature of human culture. The influence of these substances extended far beyond mere spiritual exploration; they became intertwined with the very fabric of ancient societies, affecting political structures, social hierarchies, and religious practices. To fully understand their influence, we must study the intricate relationships between psychedelics, ritual practices, and governance in ancient civilizations, examining how these substances were used to achieve altered states of consciousness, connect with the divine, and wield power.

Visions From Beyond: The Role of Psychedelics in Ancient Rituals

Psychedelics have long been associated with religious and spiritual rituals, serving as gateways to the divine or as tools for gaining insight into the cosmos. In many ancient societies, these substances were not merely recreational but were integral to the religious experience, often seen as sacraments that enabled communication with gods or spirits.

Proposed lunar biorepository could store genetic samples without electricity or liquid nitrogen. New research led by scientists at the Smithsonian proposes a plan to safeguard Earth’s imperiled biodiversity by cryogenically preserving biological material on the moon. The moon’s permanently shadowed craters are cold enough for cryogenic preservation without the need for electricity or liquid nitrogen, according to the researchers.

The paper, published today in BioScience and written in collaboration with researchers from the Smithsonian’s National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute (NZCBI), Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian’s National Air and Space Museum and others, outlines a roadmap to create a lunar biorepository, including ideas for governance, the types of biological material to be stored and a plan for experiments to understand and address challenges such as radiation and microgravity. The study also demonstrates the successful cryopreservation of skin samples from a fish, which are now stored at the National Museum of Natural History.

“Initially, a lunar biorepository would target the most at-risk species on Earth today, but our ultimate goal would be to cryopreserve most species on Earth,” said Mary Hagedorn, a research cryobiologist at NZCBI and lead author of the paper. “We hope that by sharing our vision, our group can find additional partners to expand the conversation, discuss threats and opportunities and conduct the necessary research and testing to make this biorepository a reality.”

Moreover, the concept of limitation, which dictates that the means and methods of warfare are not unlimited, can help prevent the escalation of conflicts in space by imposing restrictions on the use of certain weapons or tactics that could cause indiscriminate harm or result in long-term consequences for space exploration and utilization. Given a growing number of distinct weapons systems in orbit – from missile defense systems with kinetic anti-satellite capabilities, electronic warfare counter-space capabilities, and directed energy weapons to GPS jammers, space situational awareness, surveillance, and intelligence gathering capabilities – legal clarity rather than strategic ambiguity are crucial for ensuring the responsible and peaceful use of outer space.

Additionally, the principle of humanity underscores the importance of treating all individuals with dignity and respect, including astronauts, cosmonauts, and civilians who may be affected by conflicts in space. By upholding this principle, outer space law can ensure that human rights are protected and preserved, particularly in the profoundly challenging environment of outer space. Moreover, with civilians on the ground increasingly tethered to space technologies for communication, navigation, banking, leisure, and other essential services, the protection of their rights becomes a fundamental imperative.

The modern laws of armed conflict (LOAC) offer a valuable blueprint for developing a robust legal framework for governing activities in outer space. By integrating complementary principles of LOAC or international humanitarian law with the UN Charter into outer space law, policymakers can promote the peaceful and responsible use of outer space while mitigating the risks associated with potential conflicts in this increasingly contested domain.

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly ubiquitous in business and governance, its substantial environmental impact — from significant increases in energy and water usage to heightened carbon emissions — cannot be ignored. By 2030, AI’s power demand is expected to rise by 160%. However, adopting more sustainable practices, such as utilizing foundation models, optimizing data processing locations, investing in energy-efficient processors, and leveraging open-source collaborations, can help mitigate these effects. These strategies not only reduce AI’s environmental footprint but also enhance operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness, balancing innovation with sustainability.

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Practical steps for reducing AI’s surging demand for water and energy.

Applied in this way, it’s not just generative AI—this is transformational AI. It goes beyond accelerating productivity; it accelerates innovation by sparking new business strategies and revamping existing operations, paving the way for a new era of autonomous enterprise.

Keep in mind that not all Large Language Models (LLMs) can be tailored for genuine business innovation. Most models are generalists that are trained on public information found on the internet and are not experts on your particular brand of doing business. However, techniques like Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allow for the augmentation of general LLMs with industry-specific and company-specific data, enabling them to adapt to anyone’s requirements without extensive and expensive training.

We are still in the nascent stages of advanced AI adoption. Most companies are grappling with the basics—such as implementation, security and governance. However, forward-thinking organizations are already looking ahead. By reimagining the application of generative AI, they are laying the groundwork for businesses to reinvent themselves, ushering in an era where innovation knows no bounds.

AI is shaking up the finance sector. Soon, it may be predicting financial crises before they happen. Alongside that potential, robust governance is key.

How can rapidly emerging #AI develop into a trustworthy, equitable force? Proactive policies and smart governance, says Salesforce.

These initial steps ignited AI policy conversations amid the acceleration of innovation and technological change. Just as personal computing democratized internet access and coding accessibility, fueling more technology creation, AI is the latest catalyst poised to unlock future innovations at an unprecedented pace. But with such powerful capabilities comes large responsibility: We must prioritize policies that allow us to harness its power while protecting against harm. To do so effectively, we must acknowledge and address the differences between enterprise and consumer AI.

Enterprise versus consumer AI

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