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Excitons, encountered in technologies like solar cells and TVs, are quasiparticles formed by an electron and a positively charged “hole,” moving together in a semiconductor. Created when an electron is excited to a higher energy state, excitons transfer energy without carrying a net charge. While their behavior in traditional semiconductors is well understood, excitons act differently in organic semiconductors.

Recent research led by condensed matter physicist Ivan Biaggio focuses on understanding the mechanisms behind dynamics, quantum entanglement, and dissociation in organic molecular crystals.

The paper is published in the journal Physical Review Letters.

Altilium has filed a patent application for its proprietary EcoCathode™ recycling process, underlining its technical leadership in the UK and its commitment to establishing a national champion for EV battery recycling.

The patent provides a process, apparatus and system for recovering battery metals (such as cobalt, manganese, nickel and lithium) and graphite, and the production of battery precursors and battery-ready cathode active materials (CAM), from black mass (comprising a mixed feed of critical compounds or elements).

Through microstructure reengineering, Altilium’s EcoCathode™ process represents a significant stride in clean technology and sustainable EV battery recycling in the UK. Recovering over 95% of crucial metals from old EV batteries, the technology will contribute to a sustainable domestic supply of battery raw materials, reducing carbon emissions by over 50% and reducing the cost of CAM by more than 20% compared to conventional virgin mining practices.

Evolution is traditionally associated with a process of increasing complexity and gaining new genes. However, the explosion of the genomic era shows that gene loss and simplification is a much more frequent process in the evolution of species than previously thought, and may favor new biological adaptations that facilitate the survival of living organisms.

This evolutionary driver, which seems counter-intuitive—” less is more” in genetic terms—now reveals a surprising dimension that responds to the new evolutionary concept of “less, but more,” i.e., the phenomenon of massive gene losses followed by large expansions through gene duplications.

This is one of the main conclusions of an article published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution, led by a team from the Genetics Section of the Faculty of Biology and the Institute for Research on Biodiversity (IRBio) of the University of Barcelona, in which teams from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology (OIST) have also participated.

Synaptic vesicles (SVs) store and transport neurotransmitters to the presynaptic active zone for release by exocytosis. After release, SV proteins and excess membrane are recycled via endocytosis, and new SVs can be formed in a clathrin-dependent manner. This process maintains complex molecular composition of SVs through multiple recycling rounds. Previous studies explored the molecular composition of SVs through proteomic analysis and fluorescent microscopy, proposing a model for an average SV. However, the structural heterogeneity and molecular architecture of individual SVs are not well described. Here, we used cryoelectron tomography to visualize molecular details of SVs isolated from mouse brains and inside cultured neurons. We describe several classes of small proteins on the SV surface and long proteinaceous densities inside SVs.

“The standardization of water-based propulsion is in fact a fundamental step forward to make space technologies more accessible and sustainable, also paving the way for other possible applications,” the researchers concluded.

Several developments have taken place to enhance the efficiency of space propulsion technologies. Recently, scientists tested reflective sails that use the pressure from lasers or starlight to propel spacecraft.

Besides, scientists are also investigating the concept of antimatter rocket propulsion technology to make deep space exploration viable.

Mercedes-Benz recently presented a brand new solar paint technology that aims to improve an EV’s driving range through the use of solar power. In the best-case scenario, this novel evolution could probably enable EVs to produce sufficient electrical energy for about 20,000 km (12,427 miles) of yearly driving.

The Science Behind Mercedes Solar Paint

Solar paint is a new Mercedes-Benz innovation that embeds highly efficient photovoltaic plates into the car’s body. Unlike ordinary solar panels, commonly seen on rooftops, or as accessories, this paint facilitates conversion of sunlight into electricity without needing to change the car’s appearance. These are tiny photovoltaic cells that are embedded in paint to capture sunlight and convert it to electricity that is needed to recharge the electric vehicle’s battery.

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) constitute the leading global framework for achieving human progress, economic prosperity, and planetary health. This framework emphasizes issues such as public health, education for all, gender equality, zero hunger, adoption of clean and renewable energy, and biodiversity conservation. Yet, despite this comprehensive agenda, questions remain about how different nations navigate their own paths toward these goals.

A recent study, published in Nature Communications provides insights into the trajectories of 166 countries as they have worked toward the SDGs over the past two decades.

By applying and the Product Space methodology, commonly used in the field of complexity economics, the researchers constructed the “SDG Space of Nations.” The elaborate model shows that countries do not simply march in lockstep toward sustainable development; instead, they cluster into distinctive groups, each with its own strengths and specializations, sometimes quite unexpected.

A new study reveals that short-term exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution can reduce a person’s ability to focus and interpret emotions, potentially making everyday tasks — like grocery shopping — more difficult.

Scientists found that even brief exposure to high levels of PM can impair concentration, increase distractibility, and affect social behavior.