Featuring:
Paola Arlotta.
Golub Family Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University.
Chair, harvard department of stem cell and regenerative biology.
Associate member, stanley center for psychiatric research, broad institute.
Growing organs in the Lab — Find out how scientists are making human organs in the lab from stem cells. While we can’t grow fully functional human organs yet, they can grow organoids from stem cells to study organ development and 3D bioprint tissues that can one day be used to repair organs.
👉 You may also like: The Basic Principles of a Cell, https://youtu.be/R5z0VYBnZPs.
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This episode is all about brain organoids. Cerebral organoids or brain organoids were developed in 2013 by Madeline Lancaster and Jürgen Knoblich. Brain organoids are also called mini-brains and they are a powerful tool to grow brain-like structures in petri dishes. Brain organoids enable studies on the development of brains, brain diseases or brain infections. In this video, we will talk how we can make brain organoids and how we use brain organoids.
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0:00 — Introduction to Brain Organoids.
1:29 — What are Brain Organoids?
2:41 — How to Make Brain Organoids.
5:09 — Studying Development with Brain Organoids.
6:49 — Zika Virus, COVID-19 and Brain Organoids.
8:44 — Schizophrenia, Autism, Depression and Brain Organoids.
Okay, so what are brain organoids? Brain organoids or cerebral organoids are laboratory-grown structures which mimic parts of the brain. Brain organoids establish regions with multiple layers of neurons comparable to the developing brain. However, cells within brain organoids are less specific compared to cells we find in the brain. We also do not find any specific \.
Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is usually fatal about 15 to 20 years after a patient is diagnosed. It is known to be caused by an aberrant repetitive sequence (CAG) in the huntingtin gene. Unaffected people carry fewer than 35 of these CAG repeats, while Huntington’s patients have more than 40 CAG repeats, which get longer, or expand over their lifetime. Scientists have now revealed that a specific subset of genes related to the repair of mismatched DNA, may have a key role in Huntington’s disease. The neurons that are impaired in Huntington’s are particularly susceptible to this mismatch damage that is not fixed. The findings have been reported in Cell.
In this work, the researchers used a mouse model of Huntington’s disease to study the impact of several genes on the disorder, including six genes related to DNA mismatch repair. In mice that were engineered to lack the mismatch repair genes Msh3 and Pms1, many of the symptoms of Huntington’s that these mice mimic were rescued. Some of the molecular and cellular pathology of Huntingon’s disease (HD) was no longer observed in the brains of these animals, and there were improvements in gait and movement.
Hollywood star Brad Pitt recently opened SINTEF’s conference on digital security. Well, actually, no, he didn’t. “I cloned his voice in less than three minutes,” says Viggo Tellefsen Wivestad, researcher at SINTEF Digital.
Wivestad began his talk on deepfake with himself on video, but as Brad, with his characteristic sexy voice: “Deepfake. Scary stuff, right?” And that is precisely the researcher’s message.
Deepfake will become a growing threat to us as both private individuals and employees, and to society at large. The technology is still in its infancy. Artificial intelligence is opening up unimaginable opportunities and becoming harder and harder to detect.
ETH Zurich researchers have investigated how tiny gas bubbles can deliver drugs into cells in a targeted manner using ultrasound. For the first time, they have visualized how tiny cyclic microjets liquid jets generated by microbubbles penetrate the cell membrane, enabling the drug uptake.
The targeted treatment of brain diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or brain tumors is challenging because the brain is a particularly sensitive organ that is well protected. That’s why researchers are working on ways of delivering drugs to the brain precisely, via the bloodstream. The aim is to overcome the blood–brain barrier, which normally only allows certain nutrients and oxygen to pass through.
Microbubbles that react to ultrasound are a particularly promising method for this sort of therapy. These microbubbles are smaller than a red blood cell, are filled with gas and have a special coating of fat molecules to stabilize them. They are injected into the bloodstream together with the drug and then activated at the target site using ultrasound. The movement of the microbubbles creates tiny pores in the cell membrane of the blood vessel wall that the drug can then pass through.
A team of engineers and physicists at Southern University of Science and Technology, in China, has created a nickel-based material that behaves as a superconductor above the −233°C (40 K) threshold under ambient pressure. In their study published in Nature, the researchers synthesized thin films of bilayer nickelate (La₂.₈₅Pr₀.₁₅Ni₂O₇) and found one that behaved as a high-temperature superconductor.
The −233°C threshold (40 K), often associated with the McMillan limit, marks a boundary beyond which conventional superconductivity theories become less predictive.
Scientists have been searching for a room-temperature superconductor that could revolutionize a wide range of technologies. The ability to achieve superconductivity without the need for costly and complex cooling systems would significantly reduce energy loss due to heat conversion in electrical transmission, leading to dramatic improvements in efficiency and cost reduction. This breakthrough could lead to advancements in numerous fields, including maglev trains, fusion reactors and MRI machine components. This new effort by the team in China represents another step in reaching the ultimate goal.
Scientists are exploring gene editing as a way to correct trisomy at the cellular level. Using CRISPR-Cas9, researchers successfully removed extra copies of chromosome 21 in Down syndrome cell lines, restoring normal gene expression.
This breakthrough suggests that, with further development, similar approaches could be applied to neurons and glial cells, offering a potential treatment for those with the condition.
Gene Editing for Trisomy Treatment.
Basically fungi foods can cure nearly all diseases it just requires the right mushroom for the ailment.
Bioactive compounds and metabolites in mushrooms Mushrooms in ancient healing Edible mushrooms with therapeutic potency References Further reading
Fungi have gained significant attention in the field of phytomedicine as potential natural sources of bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites. Fungi that produce visible fruiting bodies are called macrofungi. Mushrooms are edible macrofungi mainly found in rainy and snow-melting seasons.
Mushrooms form macroscopic fruiting bodies that eventually produce and disperse spores. Mushroom spores contain all the essential components that are needed to produce a new fungus. Mushrooms can exist in nature in many forms, including leathery or woody, fleshy, or sub-fleshy forms.