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The present work reviews the strategies and technical approaches used to overcome the multilayered problems associated with large bone defect healing in long bones, with emphasis on research rooted in scaffold-guided tissue regeneration.
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đ The Many Faces of Immune Activation in HIV-1 Infection: A Multifactorial Interconnection â Mazzuti, et al.
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Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies. Despite great advances in treatment strategies, therapeutic resistance and the gap between preclinical data and actual clinical efficacy justify the necessity of developing novel models for investigating OC. Organoids represent revolutionary three-dimensional cell culture models, deriving from stem cells and reflecting the primary tissueâs biology and pathology. The aim of the current review is to study the current status of mouse-and patient-derived organoids, as well as their potential to model carcinogenesis and perform drug screenings for OC.
A new mRNA therapy tested in mice may target the root cause of the potentially fatal pregnancy disorder preeclampsia. Itâs yet to be tested in humans.
To predict your #longevity, you have two main options. You can rely on the routine tests and measurements your doctor likes to order for you, such as blood pressure, cholesterol levels, weight, and so on. Or you can go down a biohacking rabbit hole the way tech millionaire turned longevity guru Bryan Johnson did to live longer. Johnsonâs obsessive self-measurement protocol involves tracking more than a hundred biomarkers, ranging from the telomere length in blood cells to the speed of his urine stream (which, at 25 milliliters per second, he reports, is in the 90th percentile of 40-year-olds).
Scientists crunched the numbers to come up with the single best predictor of how long youâll liveâand arrived at a surprisingly low-tech answer.
One year of treatment with the targeted drug olaparib improves long-term survival in women with high-risk, early-stage breast cancer with mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, new results from a major clinical trial show.
Ten years since the first patient was recruited, new findings from the phase III OlympiA trial â presented at San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (SABCS) 2024 â show that adding olaparib to standard treatment cuts the risk of cancer coming back by 35 per cent, and the risk of women dying by 28 per cent.
After six years, 87.5 per cent of patients who were treated with the drug were still alive compared with 83.2 per cent of those who were given the placebo pills.
Professor Andrew Tutt at The Institute of Cancer Research, London, and Kingâs College London is the global lead investigator and Chair of the Steering Committee for the OlympiA study, and was also involved in early laboratory research on PARP inhibitors such as olaparib, and their subsequent clinical development. The Breast International Group (BIG) coordinated the international OlympiA study, involving 671 study locations, globally across multiple partners. BIG coordinated the trialâs UK sites through the ICR Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit (ICR-CTSU).
Large-scale protein and gene profiling have massively expanded the landscape of cancer-associated proteins and gene mutations, but it has been difficult to discern whether they play an active role in the disease or are innocent bystanders.
In a study published in Nature Cancer, researchers at Baylor College of Medicine revealed a powerful and unbiased machine learning-based approach called FunMap for assessing the role of cancer-associated mutations and understudied proteins, with broad implications for advancing cancer biology and informing therapeutic strategies.
âGaining functional information on the genes and proteins associated with cancer is an important step toward better understanding the disease and identifying potential therapeutic targets,â said corresponding author Dr. Bing Zhang, professor of molecular and human genetics and part of the Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center at Baylor.
Cells in the immune system donât always fight; they often rest and wait for threats, like viruses or bacteria. When such threats emerge, the cells activate to defend the body. This delicate balance between rest and activation is crucial to our healthâimmune cells must be poised for activation to protect against threats, but if theyâre overly active, autoimmune diseases can result.
But what controls this important balance?
In a new study published in Nature, scientists from Gladstone Institutes and UC San Francisco (UCSF) focused on T cellsâwhich serve a vital role in the immune systemâand pinpointed how a network of different proteins controls rest and activation.
The arrival of Paxlovid in December 2021 marked another turning point in the COVID-19 pandemicâan effective antiviral that has since successfully treated millions. But like many antivirals before it, scientists know that at some point, Paxlovid is likely to lose some efficacy due to drug resistance. Researchers working to stay ahead of such emerging threats have now identified a wholly new way to treat SARS-CoV-2 infectionsâwork that may have even broader implications.
In fact, a new study by the Tuschl laboratory introduces a proof-of-concept for a novel class of antivirals that would target a type of enzyme essential not just to SARS, but also many RNA viruses, including Ebola and dengue, as well as cytosolic-replicating DNA viruses, including Pox viruses. The findings may pave the way for a faster and more robust response to future pandemics.
âNobody has found a way to inhibit this enzyme before,â says Thomas Tuschl, the F. M. Al Akl and Margaret Al Akl professor at Rockefeller. âOur work establishes cap methyl transferase enzymes as therapeutic targets and opens the door to many more antiviral developments against pathogens that until now weâve had only limited tools to fight.â
The results of a clinical trial into a new malaria vaccine candidate (RH5.1/Matrix-MTM) show it is well-tolerated and offers effective protection against the blood-stage of the diseaseâthe first inoculation to do so.
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum parasites, is a leading cause of death in children under five in many parts of Africa. Blood-stage malaria âwhen the parasite infects red blood cells âcauses symptoms of the disease like fever and chills, and can lead to severe, life-threatening complications such as anemia and organ failure.
The study has been run by scientists at the University of Oxford in collaboration with the Clinical Research Unit of Nanoro (CRUN) at the Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS) in Burkina Faso, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) in the U.K. and the National Institute of Health (NIH) in the U.S., with support from other partners including the Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd, Novavax and ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies ApS.
Human fingerprints are detailed, unique, difficult to alter, and durable over the life of an individual, making them suitable as long-term markers of human identity. Could the same concept be used to help identify cancer? A new study by researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) in Barcelona reveals different types of cancer have unique molecular âfingerprintsâ that are detectable in the early stages of the disease and can be picked up with near-perfect accuracy by small, portable scanners in a few hours. The discovery lays the groundwork for creating new, noninvasive diagnostic tests that detect different types of cancer faster and earlier than currently possible.
The findings are published in the journal Molecular Cell in an article entitled âEpitranscriptomic rRNA fingerprinting reveals tissue-of-origin and tumor-specific signatures.â
âOur ribosomes are not all the same. They are specialized in different tissues and carry unique signatures that reflect whatâs happening inside our bodies,â explained ICREA research professor Eva Novoa, PhD, lead author of the study and researcher at the CRG. âThese subtle differences can tell us a lot about health and disease.â