Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
Toggle light / dark theme

Blog

Category: biotech/medical – Page 73

Semiconducting polymer design strategies point way to reducing scar tissue around implants

Over time, scar tissue slows or stops implanted bioelectronics. But new interdisciplinary research could help pacemakers, sensors and other implantable devices keep people healthier for longer.

In a paper published in Nature Materials, a group of researchers led by University of Chicago Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering Asst. Prof. Sihong Wang has outlined a suite of design strategies for the used in , all aimed at reducing the foreign-body response triggered by implants.

The immune system is primed to detect and respond to foreign objects. In some cases, the immune system might reject lifesaving devices such as pacemakers or drug delivery systems. But in all cases, the immune system will encase the devices in over time, hurting the devices’ ability to help patients.

Hidden network links may predict sudden shifts like seizures and climate tipping points

The global climate is in an imbalance. Potential “tipping elements” include the Greenland ice sheet, coral reefs, and the Amazon rainforest. Together they form a network that can collapse if just one individual component tips.

Researchers from Bonn University Hospital (UKB) and the University of Bonn have now shed light on seemingly sudden and rare, often irreversible changes within a system, such as those that can be observed in the climate, the economy, social networks or even the human brain. They took a closer look at extreme events such as epileptic seizures.

Their aim was to better understand the mechanisms underlying such changes in order to ultimately make predictions. The results of their work have now been published in the journal Physical Review Research.

How old are you, really? Tool measures aging from the inside out

A new health-assessment method, called the Health Octo Tool, uses eight measures drawn from physical exams and routine lab tests to calculate a person’s biological age.

The tool may predict an individual’s risk of disability and death more accurately than existing health predictors.

The research team, led by Shabnam Salimi from the University of Washington School of Medicine, believes the tool could uncover new factors that shape the aging process and help design interventions to extend lifespan. Salimi is a physician-scientist and acting instructor in the Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine.

Researchers discover large protein-free RNA structures

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules may be best known for their job ferrying the genetic information encoded in DNA to a cell’s protein factories, but these molecules aren’t just a middleman for protein production. In fact, some RNA molecules don’t code for proteins at all and serve various other important functions in cells, such as regulating gene expression and catalyzing chemical reactions. However, the functions of many non-coding RNAs remain mysterious.

RNA blood test to detect cancers

The researchers have developed a blood test capable of detecting cancers, the ways cancer resists treatments and tissue injury caused by non-cancerous conditions.

The new test analyzes RNA molecules in the bloodstream. This type of RNA is called cell-free RNA because the tiny molecules no longer inhabit a cell. There are always fragments of both DNA and RNA floating in blood — byproducts of natural cell death from all types of tissues and organs throughout the body, including cancerous tumors.

The researchers spent more than six years developing novel methods to target messenger RNA in blood and then used it to identify the presence of cancers at different stages, to track resistance to cancer treatment, and to monitor severity of injury to healthy tissue.

Cannabis consumption is associated with lower COVID-19 severity among hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort analysis

While cannabis is known to have immunomodulatory properties, the clinical consequences of its use on outcomes in COVID-19 have not been extensively evaluated. We aimed to assess whether cannabis users hospitalized for COVID-19 had improved outcomes compared to non-users.

We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1831 patients admitted to two medical centers in Southern California with a diagnosis of COVID-19. We evaluated outcomes including NIH COVID-19 Severity Score, need for supplemental oxygen, ICU (intensive care unit) admission, mechanical ventilation, length of hospitalization, and in-hospital death for cannabis users and non-users. Cannabis use was reported in the patient’s social history. Propensity matching was used to account for differences in age, body-mass index, sex, race, tobacco smoking history, and comorbidities known to be risk factors for COVID-19 mortality between cannabis users and non-users.

Of 1831 patients admitted with COVID-19, 69 patients reported active cannabis use (4% of the cohort). Active users were younger (44 years vs. 62 years, p < 0.001), less often diabetic (23.2% vs 37.2%, p < 0.021), and more frequently active tobacco smokers (20.3% vs. 4.1%, p < 0.001) compared to non-users. Notably, active users had lower levels of inflammatory markers upon admission than non-users—CRP (C-reactive protein) (3.7 mg/L vs 7.6 mg/L, p < 0.001), ferritin (282 μg/L vs 622 μg/L, p < 0.001), D-dimer (468 ng/mL vs 1,140 ng/mL, p = 0.017), and procalcitonin (0.10 ng/mL vs 0.15 ng/mL, p = 0.001). Based on univariate analysis, cannabis users had significantly better outcomes compared to non-users as reflected in lower NIH scores (5.1 vs 6.0, p < 0.001), shorter hospitalization (4 days vs 6 days, p < 0.001), lower ICU admission rates (12% vs 31%, p < 0.001), and less need for mechanical ventilation (6% vs 17%, p = 0.027).

Structurally reprogrammable magnetic metamaterials hold promise for biomedicine, soft robotics

Scientists from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) and Harvard University have experimentally demonstrated that it is possible to reprogram the mechanical and structural behavior of innovative artificial materials with magnetic properties, known as metamaterials, without the need to modify their composition. This technology opens the door to innovations in fields such as biomedicine and soft robotics, among others.

The study, recently published in the journal Advanced Materials, details how to reprogram these by using flexible magnets distributed throughout their structure.

What is innovative about our proposal is the incorporation of small flexible magnets integrated into a rotating rhomboid matrix that allows the stiffness and energy absorption capacity of the structure to be modified by simply changing the distribution of these magnets or applying an . This confers unique properties that are not present in conventional materials or in nature.

Futuristic 3D heart scans on NHS speed up diagnosis and save millions

Revolutionary AI-driven 3D heart scans cut the need for invasive tests and have already saved millions of pounds, according to new analysis. Now rolled out across 56 NHS hospitals in England, the clever tech enables doctors to diagnose and treat patients with suspected heart disease much faster by turning a CT scan of their heart […]

FutureHouse Platform: Superintelligent AI Agents for Scientific Discovery

This AI superintelligence can help replace the need for tons of research hurdles such as time constraints finding items of knowledge to make what would take weeks or years into seconds of time.

Science is bottlenecked by data. The 38 million papers on PubMed, 500,000+ clinical trials, and thousands of specialized tools have created an information bottleneck that even the most brilliant scientists can’t navigate. At FutureHouse, our mission is to solve this problem by building an AI Scientist. Today, we are taking a significant step forward by releasing the first publicly available superintelligent scientific agents accessible to researchers everywhere, with benchmarked superhuman literature search & synthesis capabilities.

Crow is a general-purpose agent that can search the literature and provide concise, scholarly answers to questions, and is perfect for use via API.

Falcon is specialized for deep literature reviews. It can search and synthesize more scientific literature than any other agent we are aware of, and also has access to several specialized scientific databases, like OpenTargets.