Facing a power wall and the limit of physics, chip makers are in a constant battle to reengineer and re-evaluate ways to build a better CPU.
Category: computing – Page 286
Quantum Entanglement Explained — How does it really work?
To learn QM or quantum computing in depth, check out: https://brilliant.org/arvinash — Their course called “Quantum computing” is one of the best. You can sign up for free! And the first 200 people will get 20% off their annual membership. Enjoy!
Chapters:
0:00 — Weirdness of quantum mechanics.
1:51 — Intuitive understanding of entanglement.
4:46 — How do we know that superposition is real?
5:40 — The EPR Paradox.
6:50 — Spooky action and hidden variables.
7:51 — Bell’s Inequality.
9:07 — How are objects entangled?
10:03 — Is spooky action at a distance true?
10:40 — What is quantum entanglement really?
11:31 — How do two particles become one?
13:03 — What is non locality?
14:05 — Can we use entanglement for communication?
15:08 — Advantages of quantum entanglement.
15:49 — How to learn quantum computing.
Summary:
Albert Einstein described Entanglement as “spooky action at a distance,” where doing something to one of a But it’s not spooky action at a distance, at all. So what is entanglement?
Electrons have a quantum property called spin that makes them act like little magnets. We’ll always measure it pointing in one direction or the opposite: up or down, say. If we entangle two electrons so that their spins are always pointing in opposite directions, the two spins are said to be correlated. If we entangle the two electrons in this way – and fire them in opposite directions, we don’t know which one of the pair is up and which one is down until we make a measurement. If we find that electron 1 is spin up. We know the spin of electron 2 must be down.
Why isn’t this like a pair of gloves? The handedness of the gloves is there from the start. It never changes. With entangled particles that’s not the case. They are in a superposition. Prior to measurement, there is no definite answer.
How do we know superposition is real? The double slit experiment is good evidence. Entangled particles are stranger, because a measurement on one particle determines the outcome for both of them.
Interview with idealist physicist and inventor of the microprocessor, Federico Faggin
Physicist Federico Faggin is none other than the inventor of both the microprocessor and silicon gate technology, which spawned the explosive progress in computer technology we have witnessed over the past five decades. He is also probably the world’s most well rounded idealist alive. Mr. Faggin approaches idealism from both a deeply technical and a deeply personal, experiential perspective. In this interview, Essentia Foundation’s Natalia Vorontsova engages in an open, free-ranging but very accessible conversation with Mr. Faggin.
Copyright © 2022 by Essentia Foundation. All rights reserved.
https://www.essentiafoundation.org.
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High-sensitivity terahertz detection by 2D plasmons in transistors
A research group from Tohoku University and RIKEN has developed a high-speed, high-sensitivity terahertz-wave detector operating at room temperature, paving the way for advancements in the development of next generation 6G/7G technology.
Details of their breakthrough were published in the journal Nanophotonics on November 9, 2023.
The enhancement of current communications speeds will rely on terahertz (THz) waves. THz waves are electromagnetic waves within the THz range, which falls between the microwave and infrared portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically spanning frequencies from 300 gigahertz to 3 THz.
A logical magic state with fidelity beyond distillation threshold realized on superconducting quantum processor
Quantum computers have the potential to outperform conventional computers on some tasks, including complex optimization problems. However, quantum computers are also vulnerable to noise, which can lead to computational errors.
Engineers have been trying to devise fault-tolerant quantum computing approaches that could be more resistant to noise and could thus be scaled up more robustly. One common approach to attain fault-tolerance is the preparation of magic states, which introduce so-called non-Clifford gates.
Researchers at University of Science and Technology of China, the Henan Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Cryptography and the Hefei National Laboratory recently demonstrated the preparation of a logical magic state with fidelity beyond the distillation threshold on a superconducting quantum processor. Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, outlines a viable and effective strategy to generate high-fidelity logical magic states, an approach to realize fault-tolerant quantum computing.
A short history of the Web
The World Wide Web was first tested on Christmas Day in 1990. Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau set up successful communication between a web browser & server via the Internet.
Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working at CERN. The Web was originally conceived and developed to meet the demand for automated information-sharing between scientists in universities and institutes around the world.
CERN is not an isolated laboratory, but rather the focal point for an extensive community that includes more than 17 000 scientists from over 100 countries. Although they typically spend some time on the CERN site, the scientists usually work at universities and national laboratories in their home countries. Reliable communication tools are therefore essential.
The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the evolving technologies of computers, data networks and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global information system.
Israel grants Intel $3.2 billion for new $25 billion chip plant
JERUSALEM, Dec 26 (Reuters) — Israel’s government agreed to give Intel (INTC.O) a $3.2 billion grant for a new $25 billion chip plant it plans to build in southern Israel, both sides said on Tuesday, in what is the largest investment ever by a company in Israel.
The news comes as Israel remains locked in a war with Palestinian militant group Hamas in the wake of the Oct. 7 Hamas attack on Israel. It also is a big show of support by a major U.S. company and a generous offer by Israel’s government at a time when Washington has increased pressure on Israel to take further steps to minimise civilian harm in Gaza.
Shares of Intel, which has a bit less than 10% of its global workforce in Israel, opened up 2.73% at $49.28 on Nasdaq.
Massively parallel computing on an organic molecular layer
The processors of most computers work in series, performing one instruction at a time. This limits their ability to perform certain types of tasks in a reasonable period. An approach based on arrays of simultaneously interacting molecular switches could enable previously intractable computational problems to be solved.
‘Negative capacitance’ could bring more efficient transistors
Researchers have experimentally demonstrated how to harness a property called negative capacitance for a new type of transistor that could reduce power consumption, validating a theory proposed in 2008 by a team at Purdue University.
The researchers used an extremely thin, or 2-D, layer of the semiconductor molybdenum disulfide to make a channel adjacent to a critical part of transistors called the gate. Then they used a “ferroelectric material” called hafnium zirconium oxide to create a key component in the newly designed gate called a negative capacitor.
Capacitance, or the storage of electrical charge, normally has a positive value. However, using the ferroelectric material in a transistor’s gate allows for negative capacitance, which could result in far lower power consumption to operate a transistor. Such an innovation could bring more efficient devices that run longer on a battery charge.