The fourth group is Curium, an Iranian group that has used LLMs to generate phishing emails and code to evade antivirus detection. Chinese state-affiliated hackers have also used LLMs for research, scripting, translations, and refining their tools.
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Microsoft and OpenAI say they have not detected any significant attacks using LLMs yet, but they have been shutting down all accounts and assets associated with these groups. “At the same time, we feel this is important research to publish to expose early-stage, incremental moves that we observe well-known threat actors attempting, and share information on how we are blocking and countering them with the defender community,” says Microsoft.