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A Bile Acid (TBMCA) Is Involved In A Mechanism That Reduces Muscle Mass And Strength

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Papers referenced in the video:
Depletion of gut microbiota induces skeletal muscle atrophy by FXR-FGF15/19 signalling.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33783283/

Gut microbiota regulates bile acid metabolism by reducing the levels of tauro-beta-muricholic acid, a naturally occurring FXR antagonist.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23395169/

Fibroblast growth factor 19 regulates skeletal muscle mass and ameliorates muscle wasting in mice.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28650457/

Irish Archaeologist Identifies Over 3,000-Year-Old Bronze-Age Fortress in Galway Park

An archaeologist in Galway, Ireland, discovered a large Bronze Age fortress on a limestone table, surrounded by seasonal lakes, at Coole Park, Ireland, earlier this week, according to television and radio broadcaster RTÉ. The site was previously known, but its antiquity has been in question until now.

Coole Park, the land on which the fortress sits, is currently a nature preserve. The turloughs, or seasonal lakes, are unique to areas of Ireland west of the River Shannon.

The fortress, dating between 800 and 1,200 BCE, is unique in its use of turloughs, which would have drained and filled with water based on the weather and time of year. These turloughs would have been used strategically as a defense mechanism against outside invaders. At roughly 1,312 by 328 feet, the structure could have housed a couple hundred people at any given time.

Yann LeCun has a bold new vision for the future of AI

One of the godfathers of deep learning pulls together old ideas to sketch out a fresh path for AI, but raises as many questions as he answers.


Now, after months figuring out what was missing, he has a bold new vision for the next generation of AI. In a draft document shared with MIT Technology Review, LeCun sketches out an approach that he thinks will one day give machines the common sense they need to navigate the world. For LeCun, the proposals could be the first steps on a path to building machines with the ability to reason and plan like humans—what many call artificial general intelligence, or AGI. He also steps away from today’s hottest trends in machine learning, resurrecting some old ideas that have gone out of fashion.

But his vision is far from comprehensive; indeed, it may raise more questions than it answers. The biggest question mark, as LeCun points out himself, is that he does not know how to build what he describes.