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Category: genetics – Page 3

Glucagon Signaling Is Required For The Lifespan Extending Effect Of Calorie Restriction

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Traces of bacteria inside brain tumors may affect tumor behavior

Researchers at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center have uncovered unexpected traces of bacteria within brain tumors. This discovery offers new insights into the environment in which brain tumors grow and sets the stage for future studies seeking to improve treatment outcomes.

Published today in Nature Medicine, the data revealed that bacterial genetic and cellular elements were present inside brain tumor cells and across the tumor microenvironment. These bacterial components appeared biologically active, potentially influencing tumor behavior and progression in patients with gliomas and brain metastases.

The multi-institutional study was led by Golnaz Morad, D.D.S, Ph.D., postdoctoral research fellow in Surgical Oncology, and Jennifer Wargo, M.D., professor of Surgical Oncology and Genomic Medicine and core member of the James P. Allison Institute—working in close collaboration with MD Anderson’s Platform for Innovative Microbiome and Translational Research (PRIME-TR).

Neural ‘barcodes’: Intra-regional brain dynamics linked to person-specific characteristics

People can think, behave and function very differently. These observed differences are known to be the result of complex interactions between genetics, neurobiological processes and life experiences.

Understanding the factors underlying in behavior, cognition and mental health is a key objective of numerous psychology and behavioral science studies. One approach to explore these factors entails examining patterns of brain activity that spontaneously emerge when individuals are awake but not engaged in any tasks.

Earlier research aimed at uncovering individual-specific brain activity patterns has primarily looked at the neural fluctuations indicating communication or coupling between distant brain regions. In contrast, very few studies have focused on intra-regional neural dynamics (i.e., fluctuations that take place within individual brain regions over time).

First Ever Programmable DNA Circuit Is a Breakthrough In Biocomputing

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Hello and welcome! My name is Anton and in this video, we will talk about an invention of a DNA bio computer.
Links:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06484-9
https://www.washington.edu/news/2016/04/07/uw-team-stores-di…perfectly/
Other videos:
https://youtu.be/x3jiY8rZAZs.
https://youtu.be/JGWbVENukKc.

#dna #biocomputer #genetics.

0:00 Quantum computer hype.
0:50 Biocomputers?
1:55 Original DNA computers from decades ago.
3:10 Problems with this idea.
3:50 New advances.
5:35 First breakthrough — DNA circuit.
7:30 Huge potential…maybe.

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Researchers reveal intricate control system for key immune gene

The immune system faces a delicate balancing act: It must be aggressive enough to fight infections and cancer, yet restrained enough to avoid attacking the body’s own tissues.

More than two decades ago, researchers identified a gene called FOXP3 as playing a critical role in maintaining this balance and preventing autoimmune disease—work that garnered this year’s Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Now, scientists at Gladstone Institutes and UC San Francisco (UCSF) have mapped the intricate network of genetic switches that use to fine-tune levels of FOXP3. Their findings, published in Immunity, have important implications for developing immune therapies and address a long-standing mystery about why this gene behaves differently in humans than in mice.

Family history key to predicting antidepressant response

A new study from Queen Mary University of London shows that a family’s experience with certain medicines could help doctors predict how future generations will respond to the same drugs.

The researchers found that people were almost five times more likely to have a affecting how they process antidepressants if both they and a parent had stopped taking the same medication early.

Published in Communications Medicine, the study looked at 600 British, Bangladeshi and Pakistani families from the Genes and Health Project—one of the world’s largest community genetics studies.

Genetically engineered virus acts as ‘smart sponge’ to extract rare earth elements from water

Today’s high-tech electronics and green energy technologies would not function without rare earth elements (REEs). These 17 metals possess unique properties essential to creating items like the phosphors that illuminate our mobile phone displays and the powerful magnets used in electric vehicles and wind turbines. But extracting these substances from raw materials is a dirty process that relies on toxic chemicals and leaves behind polluted waste.

Now, a team of UC Berkeley-led researchers may have solved this problem—thanks to a tiny virus.

As reported in Nano Letters, the researchers genetically engineered a to act like a “smart sponge” that grabs from water, and, with a gentle change in temperature and acidity (pH), releases them for collection. Their unusual, groundbreaking approach could lead to a “clean” biological alternative to traditional extraction methods for REEs and other critical elements.

Scientists Use “Supercentenarian Longevity Gene” to Slow Rapid Aging Disease

Researchers discovered that a longevity gene from centenarians can reverse heart damage linked to progeria, suggesting a new approach to treating rapid and age-related heart aging.

A major advancement has been made in understanding a rare genetic disorder that causes children to age prematurely. Scientists from the University of Bristol and IRCCS MultiMedica identified “longevity genes” found in people who live beyond 100 years, which appear to protect the heart and blood vessels during aging. Their study suggests these genes could potentially reverse the damage caused by this fatal condition.

Understanding progeria and its effects.

Scientists Map the Brain’s Construction From Stem Cells to Early Adolescence

This herculean effort could help scientists unravel the causes of neurodevelopmental disorders. In one study, led by Arnold Kriegstein at the University of California, San Francisco, scientists found brain stem cells that are potentially co-opted to form a deadly brain cancer in adulthood. Other studies shed light on imbalances between excitatory and inhibitory neurons—these ramp up or tone down brain activity, respectively—which could contribute to autism and schizophrenia.

“Many brain diseases begin during different stages of development, but until now we haven’t had a comprehensive roadmap for simply understanding healthy brain development,” said Kriegstein in a press release. “Our map highlights the genetic programs behind the growth of the human brain that go awry during specific forms of brain dysfunction.”

Over a century ago, the first neuroscientists used brain cell shapes to categorize their identities. BICAN collaborators have a much larger arsenal of tools to map the brain’s cells.

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