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The second law of thermodynamics is often considered to be one of only a few physical laws that is absolutely and unquestionably true. The law states that the amount of ‘entropy’—a physical property—of any closed system can never decrease. It adds an ‘arrow of time’ to everyday occurrences, determining which processes are reversible and which are not. It explains why an ice cube placed on a hot stove will always melt, and why compressed gas will always fly out of its container (and never back in) when a valve is opened to the atmosphere.

Only states of equal entropy and energy can be reversibly converted from one to the other. This reversibility condition led to the discovery of thermodynamic processes such as the (idealized) Carnot cycle, which poses an to how efficiently one can convert heat into work, or the other way around, by cycling a closed system through different temperatures and pressures. Our understanding of this process underpinned the rapid economic development during the Western Industrial Revolution.

The beauty of the is its applicability to any macroscopic system, regardless of the microscopic details. In , one of these details may be entanglement: a quantum connection that makes separated components of the system share properties. Intriguingly, shares many profound similarities with thermodynamics, even though quantum systems are mostly studied in the microscopic regime.

Stanislav Palamar/iStock.

If the proposed legislation is successful, Arizona will become the first state in the United States to officially recognize Bitcoin as a legal currency. This would have significant implications for the use and acceptance of bitcoin within the state. Not only would individuals and businesses be able to use bitcoin to pay debts, taxes, and other financial obligations, but state agencies would also be able to accept it as payment.

A chatbot powered by reams of data from the internet has passed exams at a US law school after writing essays on topics ranging from constitutional law to taxation and torts.

ChatGPT from OpenAI, a US company that this week got a massive injection of cash from Microsoft, uses (AI) to generate streams of text from simple prompts.

The results have been so good that educators have warned it could lead to widespread cheating and even signal the end of traditional classroom teaching methods.

Use CHAT GPT to Create INSANE Wealth.
In this video, Dr. Jordan Peterson talks about the recent release of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) which is a General Language Processing model that was released about a week ago. He explains that this AI system is trained on a massive corpus of spoken and written text, which allows it to analyze a large corpus of text and derive models of the world from the analysis of human speech. He mentions that this technology is still in its early stages but it is expected to advance rapidly in the next year. Dr. Peterson also shares some examples of how GPT has been used, including writing essays, bullet points, and computer code, as well as grading papers and creating character descriptions and images. He concludes that GPT is already smarter than most people and that it is going to be a lot smarter in the next few years, and advises the audience to be prepared for this technological revolution.

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Release the Kraken! You are undoubtedly familiar with that famous catchphrase as especially uttered by actor Liam Neeson in The Clash of the Titans.

Perhaps the same sentiment can be applied these days to Artificial Intelligence (AI).


Generative AI ChatGPT is already in the news and will likely garner added attention once the API portal access is opened, leading to either a boon in new uses or a bust in terms of adverse consequences. Here’s the scoop.

An artificial intelligence dubbed Claude, developed by AI research firm Anthropic, got a “marginal pass” on a recent blindly graded law and economics exam at George Mason University, according to a recent blog post by economics professor Alex Tabarrok.

It’s yet another warning shot that AI is experiencing a moment of explosive growth in capability — and it’s not just OpenAI’s ChatGPT that we have to worry about.

Anthropic — which according to Insider secured funding from disgraced crypto exec Sam Bankman-Fried and his alleged romantic partner, former Alameda Research CEO Caroline Ellison — made a big splash with its new AI earlier this week.

To ban, or not to ban, that is the question. I would guess that if Shakespeare were around nowadays, he might have said something like that about the recent efforts to ban the use of a type of AI known as Generative AI

Here’s the deal.


Some rather high-profile bans have been announced regarding the use of generative AI such as ChatGPT. We need to closely examine these bans and decide whether they make any sense. Here’s the scoop.

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The suit claims generative AI art tools violate copyright law by scraping artists’ work from the web without their consent.

A trio of artists have launched a lawsuit against Stability AI and Midjourney, creators of AI art generators Stable Diffusion and Midjourney, and artist portfolio platform DeviantArt, which recently created its own AI art generator, DreamUp.

The artists — Sarah Andersen, Kelly McKernan, and Karla Ortiz — allege that these organizations have infringed the rights of “millions of artists” by training their AI tools on five billion images scraped from the web “with­out the con­sent of the orig­i­nal artists.”


AI art gets its first major copyright lawsuit.