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Archive for the ‘materials’ category: Page 31

May 16, 2024

Graphene’s Hidden Electron Vortices Revealed Through Quantum Sensing

Posted by in categories: materials, quantum physics

Researchers at ETH Zurich have, for the first time, made visible how electrons form vortices in a material at room temperature. Their experiment used a quantum sensing microscope with an extremely high resolution. In graphene, electrons behave like a liquid, which can lead to the formation of v.

May 16, 2024

Research team develops electromagnetic wave absorbers with strong absorption and broad effective bandwidth

Posted by in category: materials

A research team from the Department of Functional Composites in Composites Research Division at Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS) has successfully developed electromagnetic wave absorbers based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) that enhance dielectric and magnetic losses in the gigahertz (GHz) frequency band. The research was published in the journal Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials on February 5, 2024.

May 15, 2024

Domain walls in twisted graphene make 1D superconductors

Posted by in categories: futurism, materials

Structures could have applications in future electronic devices.

May 15, 2024

Possible new process for the synthesis of rare nuclei in the universe

Posted by in categories: materials, particle physics

A new nucleosynthesis process denoted as the νr-process has been suggested by scientists from GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Technische Universität Darmstadt, and the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. It operates when neutron-rich material is exposed to a high flux of neutrinos.

May 15, 2024

Biodegradable ‘Living Plastic’ Houses Bacterial Spores That Help It Break Down

Posted by in categories: materials, sustainability

A new type of bioplastic could help reduce the plastic industry’s environmental footprint. Researchers led by the University of California San Diego have developed a biodegradable form of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), a soft yet durable commercial plastic used in footwear, floor mats, cushions and memory foam. It is filled with bacterial spores that, when exposed to nutrients present in compost, germinate and break down the material at the end of its life cycle.

The work is detailed in a paper published on April 30 in Nature Communications.

The biodegradable TPU was made with bacterial spores from a strain of Bacillus subtilis that has the ability to break down plastic polymer materials.

May 15, 2024

Research finds drastic changes in thermal conductivity of diamonds under stress

Posted by in category: materials

Diamond is the hardest material found in nature—diamond also has the highest thermal conductivity, allowing the most heat to flow through it rapidly.

May 14, 2024

Tensor network decompositions for absolutely maximally entangled states

Posted by in categories: materials, quantum physics

Balázs Pozsgay and Ian M. Wanless, Quantum 8, 1339 (2024). Absolutely maximally entangled (AME) states of $k$ qudits (also known as perfect tensors) are quantum states that have maximal entanglement for all possible bipartitions of the sites/parties. We consider the problem of whether such states can be decomposed into a tensor network with a small number of tensors, such that all physical and all auxiliary spaces have the same dimension $D$. We find that certain AME states with $k=6$ can be decomposed into a network with only three 4-leg tensors; we provide concrete solutions for local dimension $D=5$ and higher. Our result implies that certain AME states with six parties can be created with only three two-site unitaries from a product state of three Bell pairs, or equivalently, with six two-site unitaries acting on a product state on six qudits. We also consider the problem for $k=8$, where we find similar tensor network decompositions with six 4-leg tensors.

May 14, 2024

Scientists create green composite material from Japanese washi paper

Posted by in categories: habitats, materials

Washi: the traditional Japanese paper, known for its beauty and strength, has been used in bookbinding, art, furniture, and architecture for hundreds of years. But, more recently, washi’s usage is on the decline, as people opt for more western style housing designs.

May 14, 2024

Electron vortices in graphene detected for the first time

Posted by in categories: materials, particle physics

When an ordinary electrical conductor—such as a metal wire—is connected to a battery, the electrons in the conductor are accelerated by the electric field created by the battery. While moving, electrons frequently collide with impurity atoms or vacancies in the crystal lattice of the wire, and convert part of their motional energy into lattice vibrations. The energy lost in this process is converted into heat that can be felt, for example, by touching an incandescent light bulb.

May 14, 2024

Physicists create five-lane superhighway for electrons

Posted by in categories: materials, physics

MIT physicists and colleagues have created a five-lane superhighway for electrons that could allow ultra-efficient electronics and more. The work, reported in the May 9 issue of Science, is one of several important discoveries by the same team over the last year involving a material that is essentially a unique form of pencil lead.

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