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Category: materials – Page 93

“This work brings us a step closer to realizing the full potential of physical reservoirs to create computers that not only require significantly less energy, but also adapt their computational properties to perform optimally across various tasks, just like our brains,” said Dr. Oscar Lee.

A recent study published in Nature Materials examines a breakthrough approach in physical reservoir computing, also known as a neuromorphic or brain-inspired method and involves using a material’s physical properties to adhere to a myriad of machine learning duties. This study was conducted by an international team of researchers and holds the potential to help physical reservoir computing serve as a framework towards making machine learning more energy efficient.

Artist rendition of connected chiral (twisted) magnets used as a computing avenue for brain-inspired, physical reservoir computing. (Credit: Dr. Oscar Lee)

For the study, the researchers used a magnetic field and temperature variances on chiral (twisted) magnets—which served as the computing channel—they found the materials could be used for a myriad of machine learning needs. What makes this discovery extraordinary is that physical reservoir computing has been found to have limits, specifically pertaining to its ability to be rearranged. Additionally, the team discovered that the chiral magnets performed better at certain computing tasks based on changes in the magnetic field phases used throughout the experiments.

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This work explores the potential for additive manufacturing to be used to fabricate ultraviolet light-blocking or photocatalytic materials with in situ resource utilization, using a titania foam as a model system. Direct foam writing was used to deposit titania-based foam lines in microgravity using parabolic flight. The wet foam was based on titania primary particles and a titania precursor (Ti (IV) bis(ammonium lactato) dihydroxide). Lines were also printed in Earth gravity and their resulting properties were compared with regard to average cross-sectional area, height, and width. The cross-sectional height was found to be higher when printing at low speeds in microgravity compared to Earth gravity, but lower when printing at high speeds in microgravity compared to Earth gravity. It was also observed that volumetric flow rate was generally higher when writing in Earth gravity compared to microgravity. Additionally, heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was studied to characterize the foams for water purification and was found to generally increase as the foam heat treatment temperature increased. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to observe foam morphology. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy was used to study the change in crystallinity with respect to temperature. Contact angle of water was found to increase on the surface of the foam as ultraviolet light exposure time increased. Additionally, the foam blocked more ultraviolet light over time when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Finally, bubble coarsening measurements were taken to observe bubble radius growth over time.

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A team of materials scientists at Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, working with colleagues from the China Academy of Space Technology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, all in China, has found that billions of years of exposure to radiation has made glass on the moon harder.

In their paper published in the journal Science Advances, the group describes how they tested samples of lunar regolith brought to Earth by China’s Chang’e-5 lunar lander and then treated the samples to rejuvenate them for comparison purposes.

Humans have been making glass for approximately 4,000 years; nature, on the other hand, has been doing it for billions of years. In this new effort, the research team studied glass that has been made naturally on the moon by meteoroids striking, and melting —some of it billions of years old.

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The B-21 Raider took its first test flight on Friday, moving the futuristic warplane closer to becoming the nation’s next nuclear weapons stealth bomber.

The Raider flew in Palmdale, California, where it has been under testing and development by Northrop Grumman.

The Air Force is planning to build 100 of the warplanes, which have a flying wing shape much like their predecessor the B-2 Spirit but will incorporate advanced materials, propulsion and stealth technology to make them more survivable in a future conflict. The plane is planned to be produced in variants with and without pilots.

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We investigate ultrafast harmonic generation (HG) in Si: B, driven by intense pump pulses with fields reaching sim100\phantomrule{0.28em0ex}kV\phantomrule{0.16em0ex}cm^-1 and a carrier frequency of 300 GHz, at 4 K and 300 K, both experimentally and theoretically. We report several findings concerning the nonlinear charge carrier dynamics in intense sub-THz fields: (i) Harmonics of order up to $n=9$ are observed at room temperature, while at low temperature we can resolve harmonics reaching at least $n=11$. The susceptibility per charge carrier at moderate field strength is as high as for charge carriers in graphene, considered to be one of the materials with the strongest sub-THz nonlinear response.

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Apple is developing custom batteries with significantly improved performance that it aims to bring to its devices starting in 2025, ETNews reports.

Apple’s custom battery technology has reportedly been in the works since 2018, with the company actively seeking patents and hiring new personnel related to the project. The company is reportedly seeking to create an “all-new” kind of battery with significantly improved performance by becoming directly involved in its use of materials.

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Previous attempts at trapping them in 2D had failed.

Successful electron trapping in 3D

The MIT team looked for materials that could be used to work out 3D lattices in kagome patterns and came across pyrochlore — a mineral with highly symmetric atomic arrangements. In 3D, pyrochlore’s atoms formed a repeating pattern consisting of cubes in a kagome-like lattice.

To test their hypothesis, the team synthesized the pyrochlore using calcium and nickel. After heating the ingredients to very high temperatures, the mix was cooled, and the atoms arranged themselves into a kagome-like structure.

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Agi, if you can see or hear this. WE Eagerly Await and Welcome Your Arrival!!!

Update from November 9, 2023:

During a Q&A session at OpenAI’s developer conference, Altman reiterated that GPT-5 is not yet concrete. OpenAI still has “a lot” of things to figure out before it can train a model it calls GPT-5, Altman said.

There is no guarantee that it will work, and OpenAI still needs to solve difficult scientific problems and needs more computing power, he said.

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