Archive for the ‘mathematics’ category: Page 3
Jun 15, 2022
Google wants to challenge AI with 200 tasks to replace the Turing test
Posted by Shubham Ghosh Roy in categories: mathematics, robotics/AI
Alan Turing first proposed a test for machine intelligence in 1950, but now researchers at Google and their partners have created a suite of 204 tests to replace it, covering subjects such as mathematics, linguistics and chess.
Jun 14, 2022
Found: A Quadrillion Ways for String Theory to Make Our Universe
Posted by Quinn Sena in categories: mathematics, particle physics, quantum physics
Circa 2019
According to string theory, all particles and fundamental forces arise from the vibrational states of tiny strings. For mathematical consistency, these strings vibrate in 10-dimensional spacetime. And for consistency with our familiar everyday experience of the universe, with three spatial dimensions and the dimension of time, the additional six dimensions are “compactified” so as to be undetectable.
Different compactifications lead to different solutions. In string theory, a “solution” implies a vacuum of spacetime that is governed by Einstein’s theory of gravity coupled to a quantum field theory. Each solution describes a unique universe, with its own set of particles, fundamental forces and other such defining properties.
Continue reading “Found: A Quadrillion Ways for String Theory to Make Our Universe” »
Jun 14, 2022
With a Twist: New Composite Materials With Highly Tunable Electrical and Physical Properties
Posted by Jose Ruben Rodriguez Fuentes in categories: mathematics, nanotechnology, particle physics, sustainability
Marianne StebbinsWhat does this solve that isn’t already handled by air and water?
5 Replies.
Anne KristoffersenTurn the Bering Strait Crossing into a bridge arcology and the project will handsomely pay for itself in a sustainable way.
Jun 12, 2022
What Is Time? | Professor Sean Carroll explains the theories of Presentism and Eternalism
Posted by Dan Breeden in categories: mathematics, physics
It’s said that the clock is always ticking, but there’s a chance that it isn’t. The theory of “presentism” states that the current moment is the only thing that’s real, while “eternalism” is the belief that all existence in time is equally real. Find out if the future is really out there and predictable—just don’t tell us who wins the big game next year.
This video is episode two from the series “Mysteries of Modern Physics: Time”, Presented by Sean Carroll.
Learn more about the physics of time at https://www.wondrium.com/YouTube.
Jun 12, 2022
Scientists Discover New Molecule That Kills Hard-to-Treat Cancers
Posted by Kelvin Dafiaghor in categories: biotech/medical, mathematics
A new molecule synthesized by a University of Texas at Dallas researcher kills a broad spectrum of hard-to-treat cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer, by exploiting a weakness in cells not previously targeted by other drugs.
A study describing the research — which was carried out in isolated cells, in human cancer tissue and in human cancers grown in mice — was published online June 2 in the journal Nature Cancer.
Dr. Jung-Mo Ahn, a co-corresponding author of the study and a UT Dallas associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry in the School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, has been passionate about his work designing small molecules that target protein-protein interactions in cells for over a decade. Using an approach called structure-based rational drug design, he previously developed potential therapeutic candidate compounds for treatment-resistant breast cancer and for prostate cancer.
Jun 10, 2022
Room-temperature molecular switch discovery paves the way for faster computers, longer-lasting batteries
Posted by Jose Ruben Rodriguez Fuentes in categories: computing, mathematics, quantum physics
University of Queensland scientists have cracked a problem that’s frustrated chemists and physicists for years, potentially leading to a new age of powerful, efficient, and environmentally friendly technologies.
Using quantum mechanics, Professor Ben Powell from UQ’s School of Mathematics and Physics has discovered a “recipe” which allows molecular switches to work at room temperature.
“Switches are materials that can shift between two or more states, such as on and off or 0 and 1, and are the basis of all digital technologies,” Professor Powell said. “This discovery paves the way for smaller and more powerful and energy efficient technologies. You can expect batteries will last longer and computers to run faster.”
Jun 10, 2022
Quantum computers proved to have ‘quantum advantage’ on some tasks
Posted by Shubham Ghosh Roy in categories: computing, mathematics, quantum physics
View insights.
Not only do quantum computers have the edge over classical computers on some tasks, but they are also exponentially faster, according to a new mathematical proof.
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Jun 10, 2022
Quantum physics exponentially improves some types of machine learning
Posted by Kelvin Dafiaghor in categories: mathematics, quantum physics, robotics/AI
Machine learning can get a boost from quantum physics.
On certain types of machine learning tasks, quantum computers have an exponential advantage over standard computation, scientists report in the June 10 Science. The researchers proved that, according to quantum math, the advantage applies when using machine learning to understand quantum systems. And the team showed that the advantage holds up in real-world tests.
“People are very excited about the potential of using quantum technology to improve our learning ability,” says theoretical physicist and computer scientist Hsin-Yuan Huang of Caltech. But it wasn’t entirely clear if machine learning could benefit from quantum physics in practice.
Jun 6, 2022
Using mirrors, lasers and lenses to bend light into a vortex ring
Posted by Shubham Ghosh Roy in categories: information science, mapping, mathematics
A team of researchers from the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology and the University of Dayton has developed a way to bend light into a vortex ring using mirrors, lasers and lenses. In their study, published in the journal Nature Photonics, the group built on work done by other teams in which vortex rings were observed incidentally, and then mathematically designed a system that could generate them on demand.
In 2016, another team of researchers discovered that under the right circumstances, strong pulses of light swirling around a central pipe-shaped pulse, could sometimes form into a donut-shaped vortex. Intrigued by the finding, the researchers with this new effort began to wonder if it might be possible to create such vortex rings on demand.
They started by studying the properties and conditions that had led to the formations observed by the team in 2016 and applied mathematics to the problem. They found solutions that appeared to show how such rings could be made—solutions to Maxwell’s equations, in particular, they found, could be used to generate the kind of conformal mapping required.