Meninges are three membrane layers that cover and protect your brain and spinal cord. These meninges are the dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater.
Category: neuroscience – Page 13
Temporary retinal inactivation reverses effects of long-term monocular deprivation in visual cortex by induction of burst mode firing in the thalamus
Deprivation amblyopia can be reversed by the temporary inactivation of one eye after the critical period. Here, Echevarri-Leet et al. show that this is caused by increased burst firing in the neurons that relay information from the retina to the visual cortex. Even inactivation of the amblyopic eye can drive recovery.
Nanoparticle therapy reprograms tumor immune cells to attack cancer from within
Within tumors in the human body, there are immune cells (macrophages) capable of fighting cancer, but they have been unable to perform their roles properly due to suppression by the tumor. A KAIST research team led by Professor Ji-Ho Park of the Department of Bio and Brain Engineering have overcome this limitation by developing a new therapeutic approach that directly converts immune cells inside tumors into anticancer cell therapies.
In their approach, when a drug is injected directly into a tumor, macrophages already present in the body absorb it, produce CAR (a cancer-recognizing device) proteins on their own, and are converted into anticancer immune cells known as “CAR-macrophages.” The paper is published in the journal ACS Nano.
Solid tumors —such as gastric, lung, and liver cancers—grow as dense masses, making it difficult for immune cells to infiltrate tumors or maintain their function. As a result, the effectiveness of existing immune cell therapies has been limited.
A molecular gatekeeper that controls protein synthesis
Current smoking was linked to a higher risk for all-cause dementia, especially vascular dementia, with the strongest effects seen in those younger than 85 years and women. It was not significantly associated with the risk for Alzheimer’s dementia. Former smoking was associated with an increased risk for vascular dementia only in men, particularly those younger than 85 years.
Current smoking is associated with an elevated risk for all-cause dementia, particularly vascular dementia, with the strongest associations seen in participants younger than 85 years.
Parkinson Disease SNCA Risk Variants Are Associated With Higher Asymmetric Putamen Dopaminergic Dysfunction
This study assessed the endophenotypic potential of striatal dopamine transporter uptake in carriers of Parkinson disease–associated SNCA genetic risk variants.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the endophenotypic potential of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake in carriers of Parkinson disease (PD)–associated SNCA genetic risk variants. MethodsWe analyzed 381 patients with de novo PD from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). The genotype of previously identified PD-related SNCA risk variants was extracted and used to compute an individual PD-specific SNCA genetic risk score (GRS). Striatal DAT uptake was quantified using 123 I‐FP‐CIT SPECT and assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Mixed models were applied to explore the relationship between striatal 123 I‐FP‐CIT SPECT specific binding ratios (SBRs) and PD SNCA risk variants.
This Quantum Paradox Is So Strange, It Terrifies Scientists
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When people hear the word “paradox,” they usually think of something like a logic puzzle or a brain teaser. Something strange, but mostly harmless. But in quantum physics, paradoxes aren’t just puzzles. They point to something much deeper—a place where our understanding of reality breaks down.
1:13 Quantum Paradox.
8:53 The Quantum Eraser Paradox.
13:52 Wigner’s Friend (Observer vs. Observer)
19:50 Time Symmetry and Retrocausality.
26:26 Quantum Pseudo-Telepathy.
32:28 Quantum Cheshire Cat.
38:18 The Quantum Suicide Twist.
44:20 The Black Hole Information Paradox.
51:02 The Measurement Problem.
57:42 Closing the Loop.
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