Circa 2021
It sounds like a party trick: scientists can now look at the brain activity of a tiny worm and tell you which chemical the animal smelled a few seconds before. But the findings of a new study, led by Salk Associate Professor Sreekanth Chalasani, are more than just a novelty; they help the scientists better understand how the brain functions and integrates information.
Circa 2020 Simulation of the human brain.
Computer simulation of the human brain at an individual neuron resolution is an ultimate goal of computational neuroscience. The Japanese flagship supercomputer, K, provides unprecedented computational capability toward this goal. The cerebellum contains 80% of the neurons in the whole brain. Therefore, computer simulation of the human-scale cerebellum will be a challenge for modern supercomputers. In this study, we built a human-scale spiking network model of the cerebellum, composed of 68 billion spiking neurons, on the K computer. As a benchmark, we performed a computer simulation of a cerebellum-dependent eye movement task known as the optokinetic response. We succeeded in reproducing plausible neuronal activity patterns that are observed experimentally in animals. The model was built on dedicated neural network simulation software called MONET (Millefeuille-like Organization NEural neTwork), which calculates layered sheet types of neural networks with parallelization by tile partitioning. To examine the scalability of the MONET simulator, we repeatedly performed simulations while changing the number of compute nodes from 1,024 to 82,944 and measured the computational time. We observed a good weak-scaling property for our cerebellar network model. Using all 82,944 nodes, we succeeded in simulating a human-scale cerebellum for the first time, although the simulation was 578 times slower than the wall clock time. These results suggest that the K computer is already capable of creating a simulation of a human-scale cerebellar model with the aid of the MONET simulator.
Computer simulation of the whole human brain is an ambitious challenge in the field of computational neuroscience and high-performance computing (Izhikevich, 2005; Izhikevich and Edelman, 2008; Amunts et al., 2016). The human brain contains approximately 100 billion neurons. While the cerebral cortex occupies 82% of the brain mass, it contains only 19% (16 billion) of all neurons. The cerebellum, which occupies only 10% of the brain mass, contains 80% (69 billion) of all neurons (Herculano-Houzel, 2009). Thus, we could say that 80% of human-scale whole brain simulation will be accomplished when a human-scale cerebellum is built and simulated on a computer. The human cerebellum plays crucial roles not only in motor control and learning (Ito, 1984, 2000) but also in cognitive tasks (Ito, 2012; Buckner, 2013). In particular, the human cerebellum seems to be involved in human-specific tasks, such as bipedal locomotion, natural language processing, and use of tools (Lieberman, 2014).
๐๐๐๐ข๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐ง๐ข๐ฏ๐๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐ ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก ๐๐๐ซ๐จ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐:
The Neuro-Network.
๐ ๐๐ข๐ซ๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ ๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ก๐ฎ๐ฆ๐๐ง ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐งโ๐ฌ ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐ฌ
๐ผ ๐๐ค๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ง๐๐จ๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ข ๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐จ๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ฉ๐ ๐พ๐๐ง๐ค๐ก๐๐ฃ๐ (๐๐๐๐พ) ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐จ๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ก๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ ๐๐๐จ๐๐ง๐๐๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐โฆ See more.
A new non-invasive technique pioneered at MUSC provides a near-real-time view of the human brainโs waste-clearance vessels.
Summary: Feedforward and feedback signaling involves different neural activity patterns. The findings shed new light on how the brain processes visual information.
Source: Carnegie Mellon University.
Exploring how brain areas communicate with each other is the focus of a long-standing research collaboration between Carnegie Mellon University, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, and Champalimaud Research.
While advancements in healthcare have come in leaps and bounds since the 20th century, there is perhaps none more exciting than what digital twin technology could offer. The healthcare industry has the potential to be revolutionized by this application of new advancements, which will ultimately lead to improved research capabilities and patient outcomes.
Defined as the virtual representation of a physical object or system across its life cycle, a digital twin is a computer program that uses real world data to create simulations that can predict the outcomes of a product or process. A concept initially utilized by NASA in the 1960s, this technology has grown exponentially in the last decade, now further expanding into the world of healthcare.
Beginning in 2014 with The Living Heart Project headed by Dassault Systรฉmes, healthcare research with digital twins has broadened to include organs such as the brain and lungs, as well as projects for virtual parts of the body. With these models, doctors have the potential to discover undeveloped illnesses, experiment with treatments, and improve surgical outcomes. They allow clinicians to test multiple treatments across a vast range of therapies, equipment, and interventions by comparing possible outcomes without taking any risks in terms of patient safety. Ultimately, care can become more precise, targeted, and based on the most accurate data available when digital twins are utilized.
Thereโs only one Universal Consciousness, we individualize our conscious awareness through the filter of our nervous system, our โlocalโ mind, our very inner subjectivity, but consciousness itself, the Self in a greater sense, our โcoreโ self is universal, and knowing it through experience has been called enlightenment, illumination, awakening, or transcendence, through the ages.
Hereโs Consciousness: Evolution of the Mind (2021), Part IV: UNIVERSAL CONSCIOUSNESS
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IMDb-accredited film, rated TV-PG Director: Alex Vikoulov Narrator: Forrest Hansen Copyright 2021 Ecstadelic Media Group, Burlingame, California, USA
A quest to analyze the unique features of individual human brains evolved into the so-called Midnight Scan Club, a group of scientists who had big ideas but almost no funding and little time to research the trillions of neural connections that activate the bodyโs most powerful organ.
The research group started in 2013 by two neuroscientists at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis who aimed to collect a massive amount of data on individual brains. The studyโs subjects were the scientists themselves and eight others, all junior faculty or graduate students.
Most efforts to analyze connections involve scanning many brains and averaging the data across groups of people. For this study, the researchers used brain-imaging techniques to evaluate brain networks that control speech and motor function, among other activities. The researchers examined individuals while resting and performing cognitive tasks such as reading.
The Neuro-Network.
๐๐๐ฌ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐จ๐ฏ๐๐ซ ๐ง๐๐ฐ ๐ข๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ญ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐๐๐ฉ ๐จ๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐ก๐ฎ๐ฆ๐๐ง ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง
๐๐ฃ๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐จ๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ช๐ก๐ช ๐๐ช๐ฃ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐๐๐ช๐ง๐ค๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ง๐๐จ๐๐๐ง๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ค๐ช๐ฅ ๐๐๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐ฉ ๐ฉโฆ See more.
The University of Oulu Functional Neuroimaging research group has for the first time succeeded in describing how the various types of pulsations in the human brain change when a person sleeps.
Objective To estimate the risks of incident mental health disorders in survivors of the acute phase of covid-19.
Design Cohort study.
Setting US department of veterans affairs.
Participants Cohort comprising 153 848 people who survived the first 30 days of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and two control groups: a contemporary group (n=5 637 840) with no evidence of SARS-CoV-2, and a historical control group (n=5 859 251) that predated the covid-19 pandemic.