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Category: neuroscience – Page 8

A molecular gatekeeper that controls protein synthesis

Current smoking was linked to a higher risk for all-cause dementia, especially vascular dementia, with the strongest effects seen in those younger than 85 years and women. It was not significantly associated with the risk for Alzheimer’s dementia. Former smoking was associated with an increased risk for vascular dementia only in men, particularly those younger than 85 years.

Current smoking is associated with an elevated risk for all-cause dementia, particularly vascular dementia, with the strongest associations seen in participants younger than 85 years.

Parkinson Disease SNCA Risk Variants Are Associated With Higher Asymmetric Putamen Dopaminergic Dysfunction

This study assessed the endophenotypic potential of striatal dopamine transporter uptake in carriers of Parkinson disease–associated SNCA genetic risk variants.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the endophenotypic potential of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake in carriers of Parkinson disease (PD)–associated SNCA genetic risk variants. MethodsWe analyzed 381 patients with de novo PD from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). The genotype of previously identified PD-related SNCA risk variants was extracted and used to compute an individual PD-specific SNCA genetic risk score (GRS). Striatal DAT uptake was quantified using 123 I‐FP‐CIT SPECT and assessed at baseline and 24-month follow-up. Mixed models were applied to explore the relationship between striatal 123 I‐FP‐CIT SPECT specific binding ratios (SBRs) and PD SNCA risk variants.

This Quantum Paradox Is So Strange, It Terrifies Scientists

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When people hear the word “paradox,” they usually think of something like a logic puzzle or a brain teaser. Something strange, but mostly harmless. But in quantum physics, paradoxes aren’t just puzzles. They point to something much deeper—a place where our understanding of reality breaks down.

1:13 Quantum Paradox.
8:53 The Quantum Eraser Paradox.
13:52 Wigner’s Friend (Observer vs. Observer)
19:50 Time Symmetry and Retrocausality.
26:26 Quantum Pseudo-Telepathy.
32:28 Quantum Cheshire Cat.
38:18 The Quantum Suicide Twist.
44:20 The Black Hole Information Paradox.
51:02 The Measurement Problem.
57:42 Closing the Loop.

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Scientists Uncover How Aging Brains Turn a Vital Amino Acid Toxic

Scientists have uncovered how aging alters tryptophan metabolism in the brain, linking a longevity protein to neurodegeneration. Tryptophan is often associated with sleep, but its role in the body extends far beyond that reputation. This essential amino acid serves as a foundational building bloc

Brain Discovery Reveals a Potential New Way To Treat Dementia

Increasing the levels of a particular phospholipid in the membranes of brain cells may offer a promising new way to improve blood circulation in the brain and support healthier brain activity. A potential new approach to treating reduced blood flow in the brain and related forms of dementia is be

Uncertainty and Anticipation in Anxiety

Uncertainty about a possible future threat disrupts our ability to avoid it or to mitigate its negative impact, and thus results in anxiety. Here, we focus the broad literature on the neurobiology of anxiety through the lens of uncertainty. We identify five processes essential for adaptive anticipatory responses to future threat uncertainty, and propose that alterations to the neural instantiation of these processes results in maladaptive responses to uncertainty in pathological anxiety. This framework has the potential to advance the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of clinical anxiety.

A protein that makes hydrogen sulfide shows potential as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease

Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine say results of a new study are advancing efforts to exploit a new target for Alzheimer’s disease: a protein that manufactures an important gas in the brain.

Experiments conducted in genetically engineered mice reinforce that the protein, Cystathionine γ-lyase, or CSE—ordinarily known for producing hydrogen sulfide gas responsible for the foul smell of rotten eggs—is critical for memory formation, says Bindu Paul, M.S., Ph.D., associate professor of pharmacology, psychiatry and neuroscience at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, who led the study.

The new research, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was designed to better understand the basic biology of the protein, and its value as a novel target for drugs that boost the expression of CSE in people to help keep brain cells healthy and slow neurodegenerative disease.

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