The IceCube observatory detected 80 of the elusive particles from the heart of spiral galaxy NGC 1,068, also called the Squid Galaxy.
Category: particle physics – Page 281
Quantum mechanics, the theory which rules the microworld of atoms and particles, certainly has the X factor. Unlike many other areas of physics, it is bizarre and counter-intuitive, which makes it dazzling and intriguing. When the 2022 Nobel prize in physics was awarded to Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger for research shedding light on quantum mechanics, it sparked excitement and discussion.
But debates about quantum mechanics —be they on chat forums, in the media or in science fiction—can often get muddled thanks to a number of persistent myths and misconceptions. Here are four.
face_with_colon_three circa 2017.
Chinese scientists have successfully sent information between entangled particles through sea water, the first time this type of quantum communication has been achieved underwater.
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This article focuses on the concept of gamma rays, their sources and emitters. It then focuses on the presence of gamma rays in the cosmos and how they are generated. Finally, it talks about joint research between facilities in the US and Czech Republic and how they would benefit the gamma-ray generation process.
Image Credit: sakkmesterke/Shutterstock.com
What are Gamma Rays?
In simple terms, gamma rays can be defined as packets of electromagnetic energies which are emitted after radioactive decay. In the electromagnetic spectrum, gamma rays are deemed to be the most radioactive rays of all. Gamma rays can often be confused with X rays, but the key difference is that an excited nucleus produces gamma rays in an atom instead of an excited electron.
face_with_colon_three circa 2012.
It is shown that the idea of a photon rocket through the complete annihilation of matter with antimatter, first proposed by Sänger, is not a utopian scheme as it is widely believed. Its feasibility appears to be possible by the radiative collapse of a relativistic high current pinch discharge in a hydrogen–antihydrogen ambiplasma down to a radius determined by Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Through this collapse to ultrahigh densities the proton–antiproton pairs in the center of the pinch can become the upper gigaelectron volt laser level for the transition into a coherent gamma ray beam by proton–antiproton annihilation, with the magnetic field of the collapsed pinch discharge absorbing the recoil momentum of the beam and transmitting it by the Moessbauer effect to the spacecraft. The gamma ray laser beam is launched as a photon avalanche from one end of the pinch discharge channel. Because of the enormous technical problems to produce and store large amounts of anti-matter, such a propulsion concept may find its first realization in small unmanned space probes to explore nearby solar systems. The laboratory demonstration of a gigaelectron volt gamma ray laser by comparison requiring small amounts of anti-matter may be much closer.
A team of researchers at Universität Heidelberg has built an early universe analog in their laboratory using chilled potassium atoms. In their paper published in the journal Nature, the group describes their simulator and how it might be used. Silke Weinfurtner, with the University of Nottingham, has published a News & Views piece in the same journal issue outlining the work done by the team in Germany.
Understanding what occurred during the first few moments after the Big Bang is difficult due to the lack of evidence left behind. That leaves astrophysicists with nothing but theory to describe what might have happened. To give credence to their theories, scientists have built models that theoretically represent the conditions being described. In this new effort, the researchers used a new approach to build a physical model in their laboratory to simulate conditions just after the Big Bang.
Beginning with the theory that that the Big Bang gave rise to an expanding universe, the researchers sought to create what they describe as a “quantum field simulator.” Since most theories suggest it was likely that the early universe was very cold, near absolute zero, the researchers created an environment that was very cold. They then added potassium atoms to represent the universe they were trying to simulate.
Placing a particle of light in a superposition so that it is travelling both forwards and backwards in time could prove useful for quantum computation.
Two neutron stars smashing together may produce a form of matter not seen before. If that happens, simulations suggest there would be a signal in gravitational waves resulting from the collision.
The scientists said their spacetime simulation “agrees very well with theory.”
A team of physicists used a “quantum field simulator” to simulate a tiny expanding universe made out of ultracold atoms, a report from VICE
Simulating spacetime.
Pixelparticle/iStock.
The scientists conducted the experiment to simulate the early rapid expansion of the universe following the Big Bang. Their work could lead to accurate representations of the universe in future experiments, allowing for the testing of countless models of the early evolution of the cosmos.
A tantalizing signal reported by the XENON1T dark matter experiment has sparked theorists to investigate explanations involving new physics.
On June 16, 2020, the collaboration running XENON1T—one of the world’s most sensitive dark matter detectors—reported a signal it couldn’t explain (see today’s accompanying article, Viewpoint: Dark Matter Detector Delivers Enigmatic Signal). The signal has yet to reach the “5-sigma” bar for discovery, and a mundane explanation could still be the culprit. But theorists have been quick to explore whether exotic particles or interactions might be involved. Physical Review Letters followed a special procedure to get a coherent expert review of the proposals it received. Now, the journal is publishing five papers that represent the breadth of theories being pursued.
All of the reported scenarios explain two aspects of the signal, which was produced in the huge vat of ultrapure xenon that makes up XENON1T’s detector. First, the signal looks like it came from particles that collided mostly with the xenon atoms’ electrons. And second, each of these interactions dumped a few keV into the atom.