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Category: physics – Page 133
Crisis in Cosmology: New Study Exacerbates Expansion Rate Disagreement
The current measurements of the expansion rate of the universe are in disagreement, leading to a crisis in cosmology and the need for renewed research efforts into new physics and a new model of the universe.
Questions to inspire discussion.
What is the crisis in cosmology?
âThe crisis in cosmology refers to the disagreement between measurements of the expansion rate of the universe, leading to the need for renewed research efforts into new physics and a new model of the universe.
Black holes really just ever-growing balls of string, researchers say
Black holes arenât surrounded by a burning ring of fire after all, suggests new research.
Some physicists have believed in a âfirewallâ around the perimeter of a black hole that would incinerate anything sucked into its powerful gravitational pull.
But a team from The Ohio State University has calculated an explanation of what would happen if an electron fell into a typical black hole, with a mass as big as the sun.
Gravitational waves rippling from black hole merger could help test general relativity
Scientists have discovered gravitational waves stemming from a black hole merger event that suggest the resultant black hole settled into a stable, spherical shape. These waves also reveal the combo black hole may be much larger than previously thought.
When initially detected on May 21, 2019, the gravitational wave event known as GW190521 was believed to have come from a merger between two black holes, one with a mass equivalent to just over 85 suns and the other with a mass equivalent to about 66 suns. Scientists believed the merger therefore created an approximately 142 solar mass daughter black hole.
Yet, newly studied spacetime vibrations from the merger-created black hole, rippling outward as the void resolved into a proper spherical shape, seem to suggest itâs more massive than initially predicted. Rather than possess 142 solar masses, calculations say it should have a mass equal to around 250 times that of the sun.
Google says new AI model Gemini outperforms ChatGPT in most tests
Google has unveiled a new artificial intelligence model that it claims outperforms ChatGPT in most tests and displays âadvanced reasoningâ across multiple formats, including an ability to view and mark a studentâs physics homework.
Gemini is being released in form of upgrade to Googleâs chatbot Bard but not yet in UK or EU.
âDoughnutâ beams help physicists see incredibly small objects
In a new study published in Optica, researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder have used doughnut-shaped beams of light to take detailed images of objects too tiny to view with traditional microscopes.
The new technique could help scientists improve the inner workings of a range of ânanoelectronics,â including the miniature semiconductors in computer chips. The discovery was also highlighted in a special issue of Optics & Photonics News.
The research is the latest advance in the field of ptychography, a difficult-to-pronounce (the âpâ is silent) but powerful technique for viewing very small things. Unlike traditional microscopes, ptychography tools donât directly view small objects. Instead, they shine lasers at a target and then measure how the light scatters awayâa bit like the microscopic equivalent of making shadow puppets on a wall.
Unlocking the Secrets of Planet Formation: First Observations with the James Webb Space Telescope
Can planets form under extreme conditions, such as high levels of ultraviolet radiation? This is something a recent study published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters hopes to find out as a team of international researchers used data obtained from NASAâs James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) as part of the eXtreme Ultraviolet Environments (XUE) JWST program to study the formation and evolution of young planetary systems. This particular study, known as XUE 1, focuses on the star cluster Pismis 24, with the team identifying some key ingredients for life as we know it.
Artist rendition of a protoplanetary disk where planets are forming around a young star. (Credit: ESO/L. Calçada)
âWe find that the inner disk around XUE 1 is remarkably similar to those in nearby star-forming regions,â said Dr. Rens Waters, who is a professor of astrophysics at Radboud University in the Netherlands and a co-author on the study. âWeâve detected water and other molecules like carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, and acetylene. However, the emission found was weaker than some models predicted. This might imply a small outer disk radius.â
New research links world record holding material to hydrogen generation
With a hydrogen production rate of 139 millimoles per hour and per gram of catalyst, the material holds the world record for green hydrogen production with sunlight.
Scharfsinn86/iStock.
Professor Emiliano CortĂ©s, a leading figure in experimental physics and energy conversion at LMU, and Dr. MatĂas HerrĂĄn, a postdoc researcher at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, delved into the intricate world of nanotechnology to develop high-performance nanostructures that could revolutionize solar energy utilization.