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Archive for the ‘quantum physics’ category: Page 13

Nov 4, 2024

Quantum Breakthrough Could Propel Superconductors to the Next Level

Posted by in categories: computing, quantum physics

Physicists at Rice University and their collaborators have made a discovery that sheds new light on magnetism and electronic interactions in advanced materials, with the potential to transform technologies like quantum computing and high-temperature superconductors.

Led by Zheng Ren and Ming Yi, the research team’s study on iron-tin (FeSn) thin films reshapes scientific understanding of kagome magnets — materials named after an ancient basket-weaving pattern and structured in a unique, latticelike design that can create unusual magnetic and electronic behaviors due to the quantum destructive interference of the electronic wave function.

The findings, published in Nature Communications, reveal that FeSn’s magnetic properties arise from localized electrons, not the mobile electrons scientists previously thought. This discovery challenges existing theories about magnetism in kagome metals in which itinerant electrons were assumed to drive magnetic behavior. By providing a new perspective on magnetism, the research team’s work could guide the development of materials with tailored properties for advanced tech applications such as quantum computing and superconductors.

Nov 3, 2024

Quantum Sensing, the Elusive Gravitons, and the Quest to Unite Quantum Physics with Gravity

Posted by in category: quantum physics

Researchers hope to detect gravitons using quantum sensing to link quantum mechanics with Einstein’s theory of relativity.

Nov 3, 2024

Physicists break magnetism rules to boost quantum computers, superconductors

Posted by in categories: computing, quantum physics

This complete shell structure results in enhanced stability compared to isotopes with different configurations.

100 Sn is also the heaviest nucleus comprising protons and neutrons in equal numbers — a feature that enhances the contribution of the short-range proton–neutron pairing interaction and strongly influences its decay via the weak interaction,” CERN researchers remarked in a previous study.

“Understanding the nuclear properties in the vicinity of 100 Sn, which has been suggested to be the heaviest doubly magic nucleus with proton number Z (50) equal to neutron number N (50), has been a long-standing challenge for experimental and theoretical nuclear physics,” said the research team in the study.

Nov 3, 2024

Quantum Machines and Nvidia use machine learning to get closer to an error-corrected quantum computer

Posted by in categories: quantum physics, robotics/AI

About a year and a half ago, quantum control startup Quantum Machines and Nvidia announced a deep partnership that would bring together Nvidia’s DGX Quantum computing platform and Quantum Machine’s advanced quantum control hardware. We didn’t hear much about the results of this partnership for a while, but it’s now starting to bear fruit and getting the industry one step closer to the holy grail of an error-corrected quantum computer.

In a presentation earlier this year, the two companies showed that they are able to use an off-the-shelf reinforcement learning model running on Nvidia’s DGX platform to better control the qubits in a Rigetti quantum chip by keeping the system calibrated.

Yonatan Cohen, the co-founder and CTO of Quantum Machines, noted how his company has long sought to use general classical compute engines to control quantum processors. Those compute engines were small and limited, but that’s not a problem with Nvidia’s extremely powerful DGX platform. The holy grail, he said, is to run quantum error correction. We’re not there yet. Instead, this collaboration focused on calibration, and specifically calibrating the so-called “π pulses” that control the rotation of a qubit inside a quantum processor.

Nov 3, 2024

The Quantum Geometry That Exists Outside of Space and Time

Posted by in categories: particle physics, quantum physics

A decade after the discovery of the “amplituhedron,” physicists have excavated more of the timeless geometry underlying the standard picture of how particles move.

Nov 3, 2024

Challenging Quantum Supremacy

Posted by in categories: computing, quantum physics

As the rivalry between quantum and classical computing intensifies, scientists are making unexpected discoveries about quantum systems.

Classical computers outperformed a quantum computer in simulations of a two-dimensional quantum magnet system, showing unexpected confinement phenomena. This discovery by Flatiron Institute researchers redefines the practical limits of quantum computing and enhances understanding of quantum-classical computational boundaries.

Classical computer triumphs over quantum advantage.

Nov 2, 2024

Newly discovered quantum object could usher in new era of technology

Posted by in categories: computing, quantum physics

Once relegated to theory, a newly discovered quantum object could be used to create new devices that will outpace modern electronics.

A new kind of quantum object called orbital angular momentum monopole has been identified that could revolutionize the emerging field of orbitronics, which leverages the rotational quantum states of electrons for next-generation computing devices that are faster, more efficient, and with dramatically lower power consumption.

As a result, orbitronics is seen as a potential successor to traditional electronics, where data is stored, transferred, and manipulated by controlling electric currents within transistors. As transistor sizes approach the atomic scale in order to fit more components onto a single computer ship, there will eventually be a limit where a transistor cannot become any smaller.

Nov 2, 2024

Joachim Keppler — The Path to Sentient Robots: AI Consciousness in the Light of New Insights …

Posted by in categories: chemistry, quantum physics, robotics/AI

The question of the conditions under which Artificial Intelligence (AI) can transcend the threshold of consciousness can only be answered with certainty if we manage to unravel the mechanism underlying conscious systems. The most promising strategy to approach this goal is to unveil the brain’s functional principle involved in the formation of conscious states and to transfer the findings to other physical systems. Empirical evidence suggests that the dynamical features of conscious brain processes can be ascribed to self-organized criticality and phase transitions, the deeper understanding of which requires methods of quantum electrodynamics (QED). QED-based model calculations reveal that both the architectural structure and the chemical composition of the brain are specifically designed to establish resonant coupling to the ubiquitous electromagnetic vacuum fluctuations, known as zero-point field (ZPF). A direct consequence of resonant brain-ZPF coupling is the selective amplification of field modes, which leads us to conclude that the distinctive feature of conscious processes consists in modulating the ZPF. These insights support the hypothesis that the ZPF is a foundational field with inherent phenomenal qualities, implying that the crucial condition for AI consciousness lies in a robot’s capacity to tap into the phenomenal spectrum immanent in the ZPF.

Full Title: The Path to Sentient Robots: AI Consciousness in the Light of New Insights into the Functioning of the Brain.

Nov 1, 2024

String theory provides a new take on the expansion of the Universe

Posted by in categories: alien life, quantum physics

String theory could reshape our understanding of the Universe’s accelerating expansion and unlock the mysteries of dark energy.

The accelerating expansion of the Universe might not be just an unexplained phenomenon — according to a new proposal by theoretical physicists, it could be a fundamental feature woven into the very fabric of reality.

The researchers suggest that space is not an empty vacuum but that instead our whole Universe is a complex quantum object called the Glauber-Sudarshan state, where countless interacting strings are constantly born and disappear. This hypothesis breathes new life into string theory, which has long aimed to unify all the fundamental forces of nature.

Oct 31, 2024

Quantum Harmonic Oscillator Behavior at Room Temperature

Posted by in category: quantum physics

We are used to the notion of classical harmonic oscillators; these are oscillators fluctuating coherently-this is, symmetrically-around their equilibrium position, experiencing a restoring force F proportional to the displacement x following the relationship F = – kx, being k a positive constant commonly known in the mechanics of ideal springs.

If F is the only force acting on the system (which means there is no friction with the environment) the system is called a simple harmonic oscillator, and it undergoes a sinusoidal oscillations about the equilibrium point, with a constant amplitude and a constant frequency that does not depend on the amplitude.

In real life, for example in the case of a spring, we see a damped oscillation because it will decrease with time due to friction. So basically, the harmonic oscillation is a very useful idealization that allows to simplify many physical problems.

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