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Category: quantum physics – Page 478

Fabricating atomically-precise quantum antidots via vacancy self-assembly

National University of Singapore (NUS) scientists demonstrated a conceptual breakthrough by fabricating atomically precise quantum antidots (QAD) using self-assembled single vacancies (SVs) in a two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD).

Quantum dots confine electrons on a nanoscale level. In contrast, an antidot refers to a region characterized by a potential hill that repels electrons. By strategically introducing antidot patterns (“voids”) into carefully designed antidot lattices, intriguing emerge.

These structures exhibit periodic potential modulation to change 2D electron behavior, leading to novel transport properties and unique quantum phenomena. As the trend towards miniaturized devices continue, it is important to accurately control the size and spacing of each antidot at the . This control together with resilience to environmental perturbations is crucial to address technological challenges in nanoelectronics.

Scientists Slowed Down a Chemical Reaction 100 Billion Times to See What Happens

Scientists have been able to observe a common interaction in quantum chemistry for the first time, by using a quantum computer to shadow the process at a speed 100 billion times slower than normal.

Known as a conical intersection, the interactions have long been known about, but are usually over in mere femtoseconds – quadrillionths of a second – making direct observations impossible to carry out.

A research team from the University of Sydney in Australia and the University of California, San Diego, instead monitored the reaction using a charged particle trapped in a field, allowing them to follow a version of the process that dragged on for a relative eternity.

A theory of strong-field non-perturbative physics driven by quantum light

Non-perturbative interactions (i.e., interactions too strong to be described by so-called perturbation theory) between light and matter have been the topic of numerous research studies. Yet the role that quantum properties of light play in these interactions and the phenomena arising from them have so far remained widely unexplored.

Researchers at Technion–Israel Institute of Technology recently introduced a new describing the physics underpinning non-perturbative interactions driven by . Their theory, introduced in Nature Physics, could guide future experiments probing strong-field physics phenomena, as well as the development of new quantum technology.

This recent paper was the result of a close collaboration between three different research groups at Technion, led by principal investigators Prof. Ido Kaminer, Prof. Oren Cohen and Prof. Michael Krueger. Students Alexey Gorlach and Matan Even Tsur, co-first authors of the paper, spearheaded the study, with support and ideas from Michael Birk and Nick Rivera.

Better cybersecurity with quantum random number generation based on a perovskite light emitting diode

Digital information exchange can be safer, cheaper and more environmentally friendly with the help of a new type of random number generator for encryption developed at Linköping University, Sweden. The researchers behind the study believe that the new technology paves the way for a new type of quantum communication.

In an increasingly connected world, cybersecurity is becoming increasingly important to protect not just the individual, but also, for example, national infrastructure and banking systems. And there is an ongoing race between hackers and those trying to protect information. The most common way to protect information is through encryption. So when we send emails, pay bills and shop online, the information is digitally encrypted.

To encrypt information, a is used, which can either be a computer program or the hardware itself. The random number generator provides keys that are used to both encrypt and unlock the information at the receiving end.

Two distinct charge density wave orders and their intricate interplay with superconductivity in pressurized CuTe

In a study published in Matter, researchers led by Prof. Yang Zhaorong and Prof. Hao Ning from the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences found that the quasi-one-dimensional charge density wave (CDW) material cupric telluride (CuTe) provides a rare and promising platform for the study of multiple CDW orders and superconductivity under high pressure.

The interplay between superconductivity and CDW has always been one of the central issues in the research of condensed matter physics. While theory generally predicts that they compete with each other, superconductivity and CDW can manifest under external stimuli in practical materials. Additionally, recent research in the superconducting cuprates and the Kagome CsV3Sb5 has found that superconductivity interacts with multiple CDW orders. However, in the above two systems, there are some other quantum orders in the phase diagrams, which hinders a good understanding of the interplay between superconductivity and multiple CDWs.

In this study, the researchers provided solid evidence for a second CDW order in the quasi-one-dimensional CDW material CuTe under . In addition, they found that superconductivity can be induced and that it has complex relationships with the native and emergent CDW orders.

Checkmate! Quantum Computing Breakthrough Via Scalable Quantum Dot Chessboard

Researchers have developed a way to address many quantum dots with only a few control lines using a chessboard-like method. This enabled the operation of the largest gate-defined quantum dot system ever. Their result is an important step in the development of scalable quantum systems for practical quantum technology.

Quantum dots can be used to hold qubits, the foundational building blocks of a quantum computer. Currently, each qubit requires its own addressing line and dedicated control electronics. This is highly impractical and in stark contrast with today’s computer technology, where billions of transistors are operated with only a few thousand lines.

Subsurface nanometrology: Probing hidden materials via atomic force microscopy

A new nanoscience study led by a researcher at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory takes a big-picture look at how scientists study materials at the smallest scales.

The paper, published in Science Advances, reviews leading work in subsurface nanometrology, the science of internal measurement at the nanoscale level, and suggests quantum sensing could become the foundation for the field’s next era of discoveries. Potential applications could range from mapping intracellular structures for targeted to characterizing quantum materials and nanostructures for the advancement of quantum computing.

“Our goal was to define the state of the art and to consider what’s been done and where we need to go,” said Ali Passian, an ORNL senior research scientist and senior author of the study.

Relational Quantum Mechanics

(RQM) is the most recent among the interpretations of quantum mechanics which are most discussed today. It was introduced in 1996, with quantum gravity as a remote motivation (Rovelli 1996); interests in it has slowly but steadily grown only in the last decades. RQM is essentially a refinement of the textbook “Copenhagen” interpretation, where the role of the Copenhagen observer is not limited to the classical world, but can instead be assumed by any physical system. RQM rejects an ontic construal of the wave function (more in general, of the quantum state): the wave function or the quantum state play only an auxiliary role, akin to the Hamilton-Jacobi function of classical mechanics. This does not imply the rejection of an ontological commitment: RQM is based on an ontology given by physical systems described by physical variables, as in classical mechanics. The difference with classical mechanics is that (a) variables take value only at interactions and (b) the values they take are only relative to the (other) system affected by the interaction. Here “relative” is in the same sense in which velocity is a property of a system relative to another system in classical mechanics. The world is therefore described by RQM as an evolving network of sparse relative events, described by punctual relative values of physical variables.

The physical assumption at the basis of RQM is the following postulate: The probability distribution for (future) values of variables relative to S ′ S′[/sup depend on (past) values of variables relative to S′[/sup but not on (past) values of variables relative to another system S″.

Why We Can Never Find a Type-7 Civilization!

We are about to leap into the age of quantum computing and possibly our technological capabilities will evolve rapidly as a result.

Does this mean we are on the threshold of developing a Type 2 civilization?
If so, we should soon be able to make first contact with other intelligent life forms and slowly conquer space.

Despite this leap, however, we would never manage to make contact with a Type 7 civilization. Why this is so and what this Type-7 civilization is all about, you will now find out.

A simpler way to connect quantum computers

Researchers have a new way to connect quantum devices over long distances, a necessary step toward allowing the technology to play a role in future communications systems.

While today’s classical data signals can get amplified across a city or an ocean, quantum signals cannot. They must be repeated in intervals—that is, stopped, copied and passed on by specialized machines called quantum repeaters. Many experts believe these quantum repeaters will play a key role in future communication networks, allowing enhanced security and enabling connections between remote quantum computers.

A new Princeton study titled “Indistinguishable telecom band photons from a single erbium ion in the ” and published Aug. 30 in Nature, details the basis for a new approach to building quantum repeaters. It sends telecom-ready light emitted from a single ion implanted in a crystal. The effort was many years in the making, according to Jeff Thompson, the study’s principal author. The work combined advances in photonic design and .

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