The naked mole-rat (NMR), Heterocephalus glaber, is an unusual mammal that lives underground in eusocial colonies. NMRs show remarkable longevity and are resistant to cancer, neurodegeneration, and cardiovascular disease. The gut microbiome is known to modulate human health and disease; here, we investigate the microbiome of NMRs, comparing fecal samples from individuals over different social ranks and over a span of more than three decades. In contrast to a cohort of C57BL6/J mice, which showed extensive age-related changes, we found little difference in the microbiota of NMRs from different age cohorts. Only the archaea Methanomassiliicoccus intestinalis, which was present in the NMR gut but not the murine gut, showed an increased proportion with older age. Pregnant queens were found to have higher microbial diversity, potentially a consequence of their aggressive coprophagia. Overall, these findings provide a rich and dynamic picture of the NMR microbiome and starting points for future investigation.
