All right, let’s go.
Number 10. Methuselah’s Star.
In 2000, a team of astronomers led by Howard Bond at Penn State University pointed the Hubble Space Telescope at a faint star in the constellation Libra and made a discovery that should have been impossible. The star, designated HD 140,283 and later nicknamed Methuselah, appeared to be 14.5 billion years old. The universe itself is only 13.8 billion years old. A star older than the cosmos that contains it shouldn’t exist. Yet there it was, burning quietly just 190 light years from Earth, defying the most fundamental timeline in all of physics.
Category: space – Page 9
Space-grade perovskite solar cells can survive extreme temperature fluctuations
The Aydin Group at LMU Munich has unveiled a novel strategy for making perovskite solar cells more robust against extreme temperature fluctuations. To this end, the researchers led by Dr. Erkan Aydin, group leader at LMU’s Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, combined two molecular approaches. Their goal was to stabilize both the grain structure within the perovskite material and the interfaces of the solar cells, with a particular focus on enhancing the interaction between the perovskite layer and the underlying substrate. This enables the solar cells to maintain stable performance under the extreme thermal cycling typical of Low Earth orbit (LEO), as well as in other harsh environmental conditions. Their results have been published in the journal Nature Communications.
Regarding the background: Perovskite solar cells are considered one of the most promising next-generation photovoltaic technologies. They are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and achieve high efficiencies.
However, their mechanical stability is an issue. In particular, when confronted with strong temperature fluctuations in LEO—for example, in the range between −80 and +80 degrees Celsius—materials inside the solar cell can expand and contract to varying extents. This creates mechanical stresses, which lead to cracks, delamination, or drops in performance.
Clearest evidence yet that giant planets spin faster than their cosmic lookalikes
For decades, astronomers have struggled to differentiate giant planets from brown dwarfs, a class of objects more massive than planets but too small to ignite nuclear fusion like true stars. Through a telescope, these cosmic lookalikes can have overlapping brightness, temperatures, and even atmospheric fingerprints. The striking similarity leaves astronomers unsure if they have observed an oversized planet or an undersized star. Now, a Northwestern University-led team has uncovered a crucial clue that separates the two: how fast they spin.
In a new study, astrophysicists found the clearest evidence yet that giant planets spin significantly faster than their brown dwarf counterparts. The new results suggest rotation measurements may provide a powerful new diagnostic for classifying these indistinguishable populations and suggest that these two objects evolve differently, perhaps even forming through distinct processes.
The study was published in The Astronomical Journal. It marks the largest survey of spin measurements of directly imaged extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs to date.
How two dim stars came together to shine brightly
Brown dwarfs get a bad rap in the stellar world, often labeled as “failed stars” for their inability to sustain nuclear fusion at their cores. The mass of these objects falls between planets and stars, ranging from 13 to 80 times the mass of Jupiter. Because they aren’t massive enough to sustain fusion, they are far fainter and cooler than their stellar comrades.
Now, a new finding led by researchers at Caltech shows how these dim bulbs can join together to shine brightly. Searching through archival observations captured by the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) at Caltech’s Palomar Observatory, researchers have identified a very tight-knit pair of brown dwarfs in which one is actively siphoning material from the other.
Ultimately, the brown dwarfs are expected to merge to form a new star; alternatively, the brown dwarf gaining the extra mass will ignite to become a star. Either way, a pair of failed stars will have created a brilliant new star.
NASA’s Hubble unexpectedly catches comet breaking up
In a happy twist of fate, NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope witnessed a comet in the act of breaking apart. The chance of that happening while Hubble watched is extraordinarily minuscule. The findings are published in the journal Icarus.
The comet K1, whose full name is C/2025 K1 (ATLAS)—not to be confused with interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS—was not the original target of the Hubble study.
“Sometimes the best science happens by accident,” said co-investigator John Noonan, a research professor in the Department of Physics at Auburn University in Alabama. “This comet got observed because our original comet was not viewable due to some new technical constraints after we won our proposal. We had to find a new target—and right when we observed it, it happened to break apart, which is the slimmest of slim chances.”
Texas space firm developing construction tools for rovers to build moon base
Astroport Space Technologies is developing construction tools for use with Venturi Astrolab’s self-driving rovers to build base Trump wants established by 2030.
Experiment challenges hypothesis of cell-like membranes on Titan
New experimental results have cast doubt on earlier proposals suggesting that spherical, cell-like membranes could form in the methane lakes of Saturn’s largest moon. Through results published in Science Advances, Tuan Vu and Robert Hodyss at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory suggest that exobiologists will likely need to explore alternative routes when considering the possibility of life on Titan.
Despite frigid surface temperatures of around −180 °C during the day, Titan is widely considered to be one of the most Earth-like bodies in the solar system. With a dense atmosphere composed mostly of nitrogen, its surface hosts lakes and seas of liquid methane and ethane, which flow, evaporate, and fall as rain in much the same way as water does on Earth.
For decades, this striking similarity to our own water cycle has inspired exobiologists to consider whether exotic forms of life could have evolved under these conditions. In 2015, researchers at Cornell University took this idea a step further through molecular-dynamics simulations designed to recreate Titan’s environment.