As humanity expands into space, we’ll need new ways to grow food. Explore how orbital farms could sustain billions—on Earth, Mars, and beyond.
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/ discord Credits: Orbital Farms — Extended Edition Episode 471a; November 1, 2024 Produced, Narrated & Written: Isaac Arthur Graphics: Jarred Eagley Jeremy Jozwik Katie Byrne Ken York YD Visual Udo Schroeter Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator.
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Credits:
Orbital Farms — Extended Edition.
Episode 471a; November 1, 2024
Produced, Narrated & Written: Isaac Arthur.
Graphics:
Jarred Eagley.
Jeremy Jozwik.
Katie Byrne.
Ken York YD Visual.
Udo Schroeter.
Select imagery/video supplied by Getty Images.
Music Courtesy of Epidemic Sound http://epidemicsound.com/creator
Layoffs, consolidation, streaming losses, artificial intelligence and the rise of the creator economy are reshaping Hollywood, raising questions about whether the industry is just hitting a rough patch or in terminal decline.
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Could future gasoline come from thin air and sunlight instead of oil wells? A team of Chinese scientists has unveiled a lab system that imitates plant photosynthesis to turn carbon dioxide and water into gasoline building blocks using only sunlight. Their work hints at a way to recycle a major greenhouse gas while still using existing engines and fuel infrastructure.
In an artificial photosynthesis study, the researchers report a “charge reservoir” material that stores solar energy as electrical charge, then delivers it on demand to drive reactions. The system converts carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide, a key building block for synthetic fuels, and uses water as its only electron source instead of extra helper chemicals.
Although still a lab device, the setup works under natural sunlight and is meant to connect renewable energy to industry and transport.
Cobalt and nickel are vital components for batteries, superalloys and catalysts, used in technologies ranging from smartphones to jet engines. But when it comes to recycling, they are notoriously difficult to separate because they are chemically nearly identical. To solve this, a team led by scientists at Johns Hopkins University in the United States has developed a cleaner and cheaper way to extract these elements. And it is thanks in part to grapes.
MLIP calculations successfully identify suitable dopants for a novel photocatalytic material, report researchers from the Institute of Science Tokyo. As demonstrated in their study, published in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, a materials informatics approach could predict which ions can be stably introduced into orthorhombic Sn3O4, a promising and recently discovered photocatalytic tin oxide.
Their experiments revealed that aluminum-doped samples achieved 16 times greater hydrogen production than the undoped material, paving the way for next-generation clean energy applications.
Building a sustainable hydrogen economy requires clean and efficient ways to produce hydrogen at scale. One particularly attractive approach is photocatalysis—using materials called photocatalysts to split water into hydrogen and oxygen utilizing sunlight.
Excellent review in which Solé et al. explore how physical/mathematical constraints may determine what subset of biological systems could theoretically evolve in the universe. Lots of fascinating ideas applying concepts like Turing machines, cellular automata, McCulloch-Pitts networks, energy minimization, and phase transitions to multiscale biological and evolutionary phenomena!
I found the description of how parasites almost inevitably emerge and drive increased biodiversity in computational models of evolution particularly fascinating. Interestingly, I recall this idea was featured in the Hyperion Cantos novels during an explanation of the history of artificial intelligence in their fictional universe!
Abstract. It has been argued that the historical nature of evolution makes it a highly path-dependent process. Under this view, the outcome of evolutionary dynamics could have resulted in organisms with different forms and functions. At the same time, there is ample evidence that convergence and constraints strongly limit the domain of the potential design principles that evolution can achieve. Are these limitations relevant in shaping the fabric of the possible? Here, we argue that fundamental constraints are associated with the logic of living matter. We illustrate this idea by considering the thermodynamic properties of living systems, the linear nature of molecular information, the cellular nature of the building blocks of life, multicellularity and development, the threshold nature of computations in cognitive systems and the discrete nature of the architecture of ecosystems. In all these examples, we present available evidence and suggest potential avenues towards a well-defined theoretical formulation.
New work from Chaorui Duan, William Fairbrother et al. (Brown University) reveals how intronic Alu repeats and RNA metabolism shape endogenous dsRNA levels and cell-intrinsic immunity.
InnateImmunity Inflammation
Defective intron recycling leads to the accumulation of intron-derived double-stranded RNA in the cytoplasm, which suppresses PKR and RNase L activation.
🚱Plants face various environmental stresses, to which they respond in different ways. Due to climate change, it is expected that plants will encounter increased phases of drought and changes in herbivory.
🐛This study thus aimed to evaluate the intra-individual variation in responses, that is phenotypic plasticity, to single and combined stresses, including drought and insect herbivory. Authors used plants of the aromatic species Tanacetum vulgare, which are characterized by distinct terpenoid chemotypes and metabolic fingerprints shaped by maternal origin. Clones were exposed to no stress, drought, herbivory, or a combination of both.
⚗️The impacts of these treatments were determined in terms of aboveground biomass as well as emission rates or concentrations, richness, and functional Hill diversity (FHD) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), stored leaf and root terpenoids, and leaf metabolic fingerprints.
📊Drought resulted in lower plant aboveground biomass, VOC richness, and VOC FHD. Herbivory had no effect on biomass, but increased the VOC emission rates and richness, also in combination with drought. The treatment significantly affected the phenotypic plasticity of the aboveground biomass and VOC emission.
👉These findings highlight the importance of studying intra-individual variation in plant responses to different stresses and their combinations to fully comprehend the finely tuned chemodiversity.
Read more.
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The reef is a home and feeding ground for dozens of species that depend on it the way a woodland creature depends on trees. It has survived ice ages – but whether it will survive increasing pressures from industrial fishing, deep-sea mining and climate change is, in part, a question about data. If we don’t know it exists, how can we protect it?
A new project called Deep Vision could fundamentally transform our understanding of the deep ocean by digging into pictures and videos sat largely unexamined in research archives around the world. By using AI, thousands of hours of seafloor footage can be analysed to produce the first comprehensive maps of vulnerable marine ecosystems across the entire Atlantic basin.
Over the past two decades, robotic and autonomous underwater vehicles have collected vast quantities of footage from the deep sea. This represents an extraordinary resource – a record of ecosystems that most humans will never see.