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Renal Oncocytic Neoplasms: Review of Classification Updates, Imaging, and Management

Renal oncocytic neoplasms present diagnostic challenges, both at imaging and pathologic evaluation. The World Health Organization classification of renal neoplasms defines a spectrum of oncocytic neoplasms, including emerging entities that help define previously uncharacterized or mischaracterized tumors. Low-grade oncocytic tumors and eosinophilic vacuolated tumors are distinguishable from other oncocytic neoplasms at pathologic evaluation and typically demonstrate indolent behavior. Nomenclature regarding hybrid neoplasms has been clarified in reference to hereditary cases associated with Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome. Preoperative diagnostic difficulties at imaging contribute to high rates of resected benign renal tumors, the majority being renal oncocytomas. The imaging appearances of oncocytic neoplasms are similar, and the inability to confidently diagnose them at imaging has led to increased resection rates. Preoperative renal mass biopsy may be preventative, but its utilization remains low, diagnoses can be equivocal, and establishing tumor aggressiveness may not always be reliable. Malignant renal oncocytic tumors, including chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, are generally considered the less aggressive subtypes of renal cell carcinoma. However, distinguishing them from the more aggressive clear cell subtype remains challenging, despite imaging frameworks designed to aid categorization. Active surveillance is a safe management option among biopsy-confirmed renal oncocytic neoplasms, but it remains uncertain which patients are suitable for this approach. Diagnostic imaging may assist in risk-stratifying oncocytic neoplasms, with mass enhancement, heterogeneity, and calcification potentially differentiating benign from malignant oncocytic neoplasms. Mass attenuation and heterogeneity may differentiate low-grade and high-grade cancers. Molecular imaging and other emerging techniques, such as MR fingerprinting, may play a role in the future.

©RSNA, 2026

Supplemental material is available for this article.

Surprising cellular dynamics of the aging brain

Scheidemantel et al. address the complexity of Alzheimer’s disease by integrating comprehensive multi-omics data from over 1,300 aged individuals, revealing coordinated molecular mechanisms across brain systems. The findings provide crucial insights into age-related traits and disease pathways, paving the way for potential therapeutic strategies.

Consciousness Is the Only Thing That Truly Exists, Scientist Says

He compares our working minds to a flying kite, where the kite is the brain and the wind is consciousness as a fundamental part of reality. “The kite has to be built from the right materials in the right configuration with the right tether, but its flight depends entirely on the wind,” Reggente says.

A radio makes another good analogy, Reggente explains.

“[The radio] doesn’t produce the broadcast, it receives and transduces a signal that’s already present,” he says. “But unlike a radio, the brain isn’t merely reproducing that signal with high fidelity—it’s interacting with it. And that interaction is what gives rise to our particular subjective experience.”

🚀 The Alien Civilizations That Chose Infinite Knowledge Instead of Space Travel

What if advanced alien civilizations achieved infinite knowledge not through space travel, but by harnessing the power of stars? This video explores how a type 2 civilization could repurpose a star into a giant computer, a concept tied to the kardashev scale and the theoretical dyson sphere. It’s a fascinating look into advanced future technology and the potential of artificial intelligence in the cosmos.

Different Flows of Time All Exist at the Same Moment”: Scientists Claim Trapped-Ion Atomic Clocks Can Observe “Quantum Superposition of Time

Scientists claim they can improve the sensitivity of atomic clocks to measure the quantum superposition of time and possibly explain gravity.

Capsida’s Trailblazing Moment: What the Field Owes the Next BBB Program

An insightful perspective on what biological factors may have been the cause of a patient’s death after receiving a blood-brain-barrier crossing AAV treatment. It’s crucial for the field to think about this carefully as we move forward.

TheBioMLClinic

Brief disclosure: I am a named inventor on patents and author on publications related to AAV capsid engineering and CNS gene delivery, developed during my time at the Broad Institute. I now operate independently. This post does not represent any prior employer, current advisory client, or collaborator. The mechanistic analysis presented here is my own scientific interpretation of publicly available data. Full disclosures at the bottom.

Quantum metasurface boosts terahertz detection sensitivity by exploiting in-plane photoelectric effect

Being able to see light and detect radiation is of utmost importance at any frequency. While this challenge has been solved in the visible range, radiation detectors in the far-infrared and terahertz regimes are either not sensitive, slow, or require bulky and expensive, often cryogenically cooled devices, which hinders practical applications.

A recent study reported in Advanced Photonics combines quantum physics with a carefully designed metasurface to develop a compact detector that improves how THz radiation is captured and converted into an electrical signal.

Preventing uptake of alpha-synuclein to slow Parkinson’s progression

Abstract. Ribosomes are central to protein synthesis in all organisms. In mammals, the ribosome functional core is highly conserved. Remarkably, two rodent species, the naked mole-rat (NMR) and tuco-tuco, display fragmented 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), coupled with high translational fidelity and long lifespan. The unusual ribosomal architecture in the NMR and tuco-tuco has been speculated to be linked to high translational fidelity. Here, we show, by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, that despite the fragmentation of their rRNA, NMR and tuco-tuco ribosomes retain their core functional architecture. Compared to ribosomes of the guinea pig, a phylogenetically related rodent without 28S rRNA fragmentation, ribosomes of NMR and tuco-tuco exhibit poorly resolved density for certain expansion segments. In contrast, the structure of the guinea pig ribosome shows high similarity to the human ribosome. Enhanced translational fidelity in the NMR and tuco-tuco may stem from subtle, allosteric effects in dynamics, linked to rRNA fragmentation.

Neuroscientists discover the brain’s memory center starts “full” and prunes itself down to optimize learning

Far from a blank slate, the infant brain begins with an overabundance of random neural connections. Neuroscientists discovered how trimming this excess wiring transforms the hippocampus into a powerful, structured memory machine.

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