Lifeboat Foundation: Safeguarding Humanity
Toggle light / dark theme

Blog – Page 6

Thin film solar cells such as CdTe and CIGSe have gained significant attention due to their low production cost and excellent power conversion efficiencies (PCE). Nevertheless, toxicity and scarcity of constituent elements restrict their widespread usage.

Recently, Cu2SrSnS4 semiconductor has emerged as a potential substitute due to its remarkable absorber characteristics, including non-toxicity, Earth abundance, tunable bandgap, etc. But still, it’s in the emerging stage with a low PCE of 0.6%, revealing that it requires remarkable enhancement to compete with traditional solar cells.

The large open circuit voltage (VOC) loss constricts its performance, which primarily originates from improper band alignment with the transport layers. Discovering the ideal device configuration is the best solution to enhance its PCE.

Read more | >

Traditionally, bacterial diseases are diagnosed by the tedious isolation of pathogens and the creation of bacterial cultures. Waiting times of several days are the rule here. Only then can targeted treatment of the disease begin.

Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Imperial College London have developed a new method to identify bacteria with unprecedented speed. This means that the waiting time can be reduced from several days to just a few minutes.

The work is published in the journal Nature Communications.

Read more | >

Northwestern University Trustee Kimberly K. Querrey (’22, ’23 P) has made a $10 million gift to create and enhance the Querrey Simpson Institute for Regenerative Engineering at Northwestern University (QSI RENU), bringing her total giving to the institute to $35 million. The new institute will advance the development of medical tools that empower the human body to heal, focusing on the regeneration or reconstruction of various tissues and organs, such as the eyes, cartilage, spinal cord, heart, muscle, bone and skin.

The Querrey Simpson Institute for Regenerative Engineering at Northwestern University will advance research to regenerate and reconstruct tissues and organs.

Guillermo Ameer, director of the new Querrey Simpson Institute for Regenerative Engineering at Northwestern University, showcases his bioresorbable bandage, which delivers electrotherapy to wounds, accelerating diabetic ulcer healing and dissolving safely after use. QSI RENU combines engineering, biology, medicine and data science to develop technologies for tissue and organ function.

Read more | >

Researchers at Northwestern University and Israel’s Tel Aviv University have overcome a major barrier to achieving a low-cost solution for advanced robotic touch. The authors argue that the problem that has been lurking in the margins of many papers about touch sensors lies in the robotic skin itself.

In the study, inexpensive silicon rubber composites used to make skin were observed to host an insulating layer on the top and bottom surfaces, which prevented direct electrical contact between the sensing polymer and the monitoring surface electrodes, making accurate and repeatable measurements virtually impossible. With the error eliminated, cheap robotic skins could allow robots to mimic human touch, allowing them to sense an object’s curves and edges, necessary to properly grasp it.

Researchers provide accurate, more reliable method to measure touch reception.

Researchers at Northwestern University and Israel’s Tel Aviv University have discovered a problem with robotic skin, that, once eliminated, could allow robots to better mimic human touch.

Read more | >

Today, we’re launching Anthropic’s AI for Science program – a new initiative designed to accelerate scientific research and discovery through access to our API. This program will provide free API credits to support researchers working on high-impact scientific projects, with a particular focus on biology and life sciences applications.

Why AI for Science? At Anthropic, we believe that AI has the potential to significantly accelerate scientific progress. Advanced AI reasoning and language capabilities can help researchers analyze complex scientific data, generate hypotheses, design experiments, and communicate findings more effectively. By reducing the time and resources needed for scientific discovery, we can help address some of humanity’s most pressing challenges.

Anthropic is an AI safety and research company that’s working to build reliable, interpretable, and steerable AI systems.

Read more | >

We, of course, feel “internal experiences,” that thing we call self, and we know very well when we’ve woken up. Consciousness, in fact, is what we lose when we fall asleep and regain when we wake up. ChatGPT 4.0 is emulating those human feelings. That doesn’t mean it actually feels them. But what if it does feel them one day? Will we listen to it then?

Schneider is among the intellectuals who believe that the question of machine consciousness is worth examining in depth. Not because she believes we’re already there, but because she believes it will happen sooner or later. Like Hassabis, she estimates that artificial general intelligence (AGI) — the name computer scientists give to something close enough to human intelligence to escape the simulacrum label and access a qualitatively different level — is a few decades away.

AGI will be a system capable of learning from experience without having to swallow the entire internet before breakfast; capable of abstracting information, projecting actions, and understanding situations it has never encountered before. And yes, perhaps capable of having “inner experiences,” or what we might call a form of consciousness. Don’t take it out on me; it’s philosophers who are examining this question.

Read more | >

A high-resolution imaging system captures distant objects by shining laser light on them and detecting the reflected light.

One of astronomers’ tricks for observing distant objects is intensity interferometry, which involves comparing the intensity fluctuations recorded at two separate telescopes. Researchers have now applied this technique to the imaging of remote objects on Earth [1]. They developed a system that uses multiple laser beams to illuminate a distant target and uses a pair of small telescopes to collect the reflected light. The team demonstrated that this intensity interferometer can image millimeter-wide letters at a distance of 1.36 km, a 14-fold improvement in spatial resolution compared with a single telescope.

Interferometry is common in radio astronomy, where the signal amplitudes from a large array of radio telescopes are summed together in a way that depends on the relative phases of the radio waves. Intensity interferometry is something else. It doesn’t involve addition of amplitudes or preservation of phases. Instead, light is recorded from a single source at two separate detectors (or telescopes), and the fluctuations in the intensities of the two signals are compared. Spatial information on the source comes from analyzing how these fluctuations are correlated in time and how this correlation depends on the detector separation.

Read more | >

An atomic magnetometer uses lasers and a gas of atoms, such as rubidium, to detect magnetic fields. The atoms behave like tiny magnetic compasses, with their spins moving in response to magnetic forces. Using two atomic species—in so-called comagnetometers—boosts performance and opens the possibility of detecting exotic spin interactions predicted in theories that go beyond the standard model of particle physics (see Viewpoint: Spin Gyroscope is Ready to Look for New Physics). Now a new design using a pulsed laser rather than a continuous-laser beam has the potential to improve performance even further [1].

Atomic magnetometry requires two light beams: a pump beam that aligns the atomic spins in a certain direction and a probe beam that detects the movement of those spins relative to that alignment direction. With a single species of atoms, one can measure the local magnetic field. With two species of atoms, one can cancel the magnetic-field signal and other background effects and search for possible spin-dependent signals from dark matter or from other hypothetical particles.

Jingyao Wang from Princeton University and her colleagues have developed a comagnetometer based on a bell-shaped vapor cell filled with rubidium and neon atoms. By applying their pump laser in a repeating pulse pattern (on for 6 ms, off for 20 ms), the researchers can make spin measurements “in the dark” and avoid the noise of the laser. With further improvements, the team predicts its comagnetometer will be 4 times more sensitive than current continuous-laser comagnetometers to potential signals from axions or from other hypothetical particles.

Read more | >