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Jan 8, 2023

Mirror test of wild penguins suggests they may possess self-awareness

Posted by in category: government

Penguins may be self-aware.


A trio of researchersโ€”one with the Indian governmentโ€™s Ministry of Earth Sciences, another with the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay and the third with the National Institute of Advanced Studies, also in Indiaโ€”has found that some species of wild penguins may have some degree of self-awareness.

Prabir Ghosh Dastidar, Azizuddin Khan and Anindya Sinha have written a paper describing their study of the behavior of Adรฉlie in Antarctica and what they learned in their effort. The full paper is available on the bioRxiv preprint server.

Continue reading “Mirror test of wild penguins suggests they may possess self-awareness” »

Jan 4, 2023

Lab-grown retinal eye cells make successful connections, open door for clinical trials to treat blindness

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

๐‹๐š๐›-๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ซ๐ž๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐š๐ฅ ๐ž๐ฒ๐ž ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐ฆ๐š๐ค๐ž ๐ฌ๐ฎ๐œ๐œ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ฅ ๐œ๐จ๐ง๐ง๐ž๐œ๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง๐ฌ, ๐จ๐ฉ๐ž๐ง ๐๐จ๐จ๐ซ ๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ ๐œ๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ข๐œ๐š๐ฅ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐š๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ž๐š๐ญ ๐›๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐๐ง๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ

๐™๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ ๐™œ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™ฃ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ข ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™˜๐™ ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ฉ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ž๐™œ๐™๐™—๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ, ๐™–๐™˜๐™˜๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™– ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ฌ ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™™๐™ฎ, ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™– โ€œ๐™๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™๐™จ๐™๐™–๐™ ๐™šโ€ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ข๐™–๐™ฎ ๐™จ๐™๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™™๐™ฎ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™ž๐™–๐™ก๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™๐™ช๐™ข๐™–๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™™๐™š๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ง๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™š๐™ฎ๐™š ๐™™๐™ž๐™จ๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™š๐™ง๐™จ.๐™๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™–๐™ก ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ ๐™œ๐™ง๐™ค๐™ฌ๐™ฃ ๐™›๐™ง๐™ค๐™ข ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ข ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ ๐™˜๐™–๐™ฃ ๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™˜๐™ ๐™ค๐™ช๐™ฉ ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ฃ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™˜๐™ฉ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ž๐™œ๐™๐™—๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ, ๐™–๐™˜๐™˜๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฉ๐™ค ๐™– ๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ฌ ๐™จ๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™™๐™ฎ, ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ก๐™š๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™– โ€œ๐™๐™–๐™ฃ๐™™๐™จ๐™๐™–๐™ ๐™šโ€ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™ข๐™–๐™ฎ ๐™จ๐™๐™ค๐™ฌ ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™˜๐™š๐™ก๐™ก๐™จ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™ง๐™š๐™–๐™™๐™ฎ ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง ๐™ฉ๐™ง๐™ž๐™–๐™ก๐™จ ๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™๐™ช๐™ข๐™–๐™ฃ๐™จ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ฉ๐™ ๐™™๐™š๐™œ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™š๐™ง๐™–๐™ฉ๐™ž๐™ซ๐™š ๐™š๐™ฎ๐™š ๐™™๐™ž๐™จ๐™ค๐™ง๐™™๐™š๐™ง๐™จ.


Retinal cells grown from stem cells can reach out and connect with neighbors, according to a new study, completing a โ€œhandshakeโ€ that may show the cells are ready for trials in humans with degenerative eye disorders.

Continue reading “Lab-grown retinal eye cells make successful connections, open door for clinical trials to treat blindness” »

Jan 3, 2023

Artificial DNA can kill cancer

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, chemistry

๐‘๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐š๐ญ ๐ญ๐ก๐ž ๐”๐ง๐ข๐ฏ๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ๐ข๐ญ๐ฒ ๐จ๐Ÿ ๐“๐จ๐ค๐ฒ๐จ ๐ข๐ง ๐‰๐š๐ฉ๐š๐ง ๐ก๐š๐ฏ๐ž ๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ž๐ ๐š๐ซ๐ญ๐ข๐Ÿ๐ข๐œ๐ข๐š๐ฅ ๐ƒ๐๐€ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ญ๐š๐ซ๐ ๐ž๐ญ ๐š๐ง๐ ๐ค๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐œ๐š๐ง๐œ๐ž๐ซ ๐œ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐ข๐ง ๐š ๐ง๐ž๐ฐ ๐ฐ๐š๐ฒ.

The method was effective in lab tests against human cervical cancer-and breast cancer-derived cells, and against malignant melanoma cells from mice. The team created a pair of chemically synthesized, hairpin-shaped, cancer-killing DNA. When the DNA pairs were injected into cancer cells, they connected to microRNA (miRNA) molecules that are overproduced in certain cancers.

Once connected to the miRNA, they unraveled and joined together, forming longer chains of DNA which triggered an immune response. This response not only killed the cancer cells but prevented further growth of cancerous tissue. This method is different from conventional anticancer drug treatments and is hoped to bring about a new era of drug development.

Jan 2, 2023

Researchers study pain-relieving neural mechanisms

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

The motor cortex controls the voluntary movement of muscles. It remains largely unclear why its electrical or magnetic stimulation can alleviate therapy-resistant chronic painโ€”albeit unreliably. An interdisciplinary research group at the Medical Faculty of Heidelberg (MFHD) has now tracked down the underlying mechanisms and nerve pathways in mice.

The scientists showed that certain nerve pathways of the motor cerebral cortex are indirectly connected to the emotion centers in the brain, process both -related information and emotions by direct activation, and thus reduce the sensation of pain. Consequently, the team not only defines a new brain circuit for neurostimulation in pain therapy, but also brings the brainโ€™s own reward system into focus as a starting point for future treatments. The results are now published in the journal Science.

The research was conducted within the framework of CRC1158 โ€œFrom Nociception to Chronic Pain,โ€ whose spokesperson is Professor Dr. Rohini Kuner, Director of the Institute of Pharmacology at the MFHD.

Jan 1, 2023

Stanford researchers think a wireless brain implant could remove tumors

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

๐’๐ญ๐š๐ง๐Ÿ๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฌ๐ž๐š๐ซ๐œ๐ก๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ค ๐š ๐ฐ๐ข๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐›๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ง ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐š๐ง๐ญ ๐œ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐ซ๐ž๐ฆ๐จ๐ฏ๐ž ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ

๐™๐™š๐™จ๐™š๐™–๐™ง๐™˜๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™Ž๐™ฉ๐™–๐™ฃ๐™›๐™ค๐™ง๐™™ ๐™ˆ๐™š๐™™๐™ž๐™˜๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™š ๐™๐™–๐™ซ๐™š ๐™™๐™š๐™ซ๐™š๐™ก๐™ค๐™ฅ๐™š๐™™ ๐™– ๐™จ๐™ข๐™–๐™ก๐™ก ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ง๐™š๐™ก๐™š๐™จ๐™จ ๐™™๐™š๐™ซ๐™ž๐™˜๐™š ๐™ฉ๐™๐™–๐™ฉ ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ช๐™ก๐™™ ๐™ฌ๐™ž๐™ง๐™š๐™ก๐™š๐™จ๐™จ๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™ง๐™š๐™ข๐™ค๐™ซ๐™š ๐™™๐™š๐™–๐™™๐™ก๐™ฎ ๐™—๐™ง๐™–๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™ฉ๐™ช๐™ข๐™ค๐™ง๐™จ.


Researchers think a wireless implant to treat brain tumors could eliminate hospital visits for cancer treatment. [Image courtesy of Stanford Medicine]

Continue reading “Stanford researchers think a wireless brain implant could remove tumors” »

Dec 31, 2022

New research reveals how the brain holds information in mind

Posted by in categories: biological, computing, neuroscience

MIT neuroscientists have published a key new insight on how working memory functions, in a study published in PLOS Computational Biology.

The researchers at The Picower Institute for Learning and Memory compared measurements of brain cell activity in an animal performing a working memory task with the output of various computer models representing two theories on the underlying mechanism for holding information in mind.

The results favored the newer theory that a network of neurons stores information by making short-lived changes in the connections, or synapses, between them, rather than the traditional theory that memory is maintained by neurons remaining persistently active.

Dec 29, 2022

Study sheds light on why human lymph nodes lose their function with age

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, life extension

//Although lipomatosis is very common and increases with age, scientists have previously devoted little discussion and research to it. Scientists at Uppsala University have just published a study that offers significant insights into the causes of human lymph node function decline with aging and the effects on immune system performance.

Scientists carefully examined more than 200 lymph nodes to show that lipomatosis starts in the medulla, which is the center of the lymph node. They also provided evidence connecting lipomatosis to converting lymph node supporting cells (fibroblasts) into adipocytes (fat cells). They also demonstrate that fibroblast subtypes in the medulla are more likely to develop into adipocytes.\.


The study is a first step toward understanding why lipomatosis occur.

Dec 25, 2022

This is your brain. This is your brain on code

Posted by in category: robotics/AI

๐“๐ก๐ข๐ฌ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐›๐ซ๐š๐ข๐ง ๐จ๐ง ๐œ๐จ๐๐ž

๐™ˆ๐™„๐™ ๐™ง๐™š๐™จ๐™š๐™–๐™ง๐™˜๐™๐™š๐™ง๐™จ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™™๐™ž๐™จ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ซ๐™š๐™ง๐™ž๐™ฃ๐™œ ๐™ฌ๐™๐™ž๐™˜๐™ ๐™ฅ๐™–๐™ง๐™ฉ๐™จ ๐™ค๐™› ๐™ฉ๐™๐™š ๐™—๐™ง๐™–๐™ž๐™ฃ ๐™–๐™ง๐™š ๐™š๐™ฃ๐™œ๐™–๐™œ๐™š๐™™ ๐™ฌ๐™๐™š๐™ฃ ๐™– ๐™ฅ๐™š๐™ง๐™จ๐™ค๐™ฃ ๐™š๐™ซ๐™–๐™ก๐™ช๐™–๐™ฉ๐™š๐™จ ๐™– ๐™˜๐™ค๐™ข๐™ฅ๐™ช๐™ฉ๐™š๐™ง ๐™ฅ๐™ง๐™ค๐™œ๐™ง๐™–๐™ข


Researchers from MITโ€™s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL) found that the Multiple Demand and Language brain systems encode specific code properties and uniquely align with machine-learned representations of code.

Dec 24, 2022

Massive tentacled microbe may be direct ancestor of all complex life

Posted by in category: biological

Scientists successfully grew Asgard archaea in the lab and took detailed images.

Dec 23, 2022

Research shows fatty liver disease endangers brain health

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience

In a study examining the link between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and brain dysfunction, scientists at the Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, affiliated to Kingโ€™s College London and the University of Lausanne, found an accumulation of fat in the liver causes a decrease in oxygen to the brain and inflammation to brain tissueโ€”both of which have been proven to lead to the onset of severe brain diseases.

The paper appears in the Journal of Hepatology.

NAFLD affects approximately 25% of the population and more than 80% of morbidly obese people. Several studies have reported the negative effects of an unhealthy diet and obesity can have on however this is believed to be the first study that clearly links NAFLD with deterioration and identifies a potential therapeutic target.

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