The truth about Cobalt. The demand for colbalt is on the rise as we transition to electric vehicles is at an all time high.
Taken from JRE #1914 w/Siddharth Kara:
Continue reading “The Disturbing Reality of Cobalt Mining for Rechargeable Batteries” »
๐๐ฅ๐ณ๐ก๐๐ข๐ฆ๐๐ซโ๐ฌ ๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐๐ฌ๐
One of the main features of Alzheimerโs disease is that the ฮฒ-amyloid peptide, a molecule found inside neurons that has many diverse functions, begins to fold incorrectly and accumulates. This process, which ends up causing neuronal death, is linked to a series of other cellular alterations, making it difficult to determine whether they are the cause or the consequence. An example is the case of the deregulation of a type of dynorphin.
Dynorphins are the bodyโs own opioid peptides, which play a key role in many brain pathways. They are located in different areas of the brain, such as the hippocampus, amygdala or hypothalamus, and are involved in memory processes, emotion control, stress and pain, and among other processes. In addition, several studies have shown their involvement in epilepsy, stroke, addictions, depression and schizophrenia.
๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐๐ฒ ๐ฎ๐ง๐ฏ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ฌ ๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ฅ ๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ก๐ฐ๐๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐จ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ซ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐๐ญ๐๐ซ ๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฎ๐ฆ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ข๐ง๐ฃ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฌ
๐๐ฉ๐ช๐๐๐๐จ ๐๐ญ๐ฅ๐ก๐ค๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ฃ๐๐ช๐ง๐๐ก ๐ฅ๐ง๐ค๐๐๐จ๐จ๐๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐ค๐ก๐ซ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ก๐ก ๐ง๐๐๐๐ฃ๐๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ค๐ ๐๐ง๐ช๐๐๐๐ก ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐๐, ๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฎ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ก๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ฌ๐๐ฎ ๐ฉ๐ค๐ฌ๐๐ง๐๐จ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก๐ค๐ฅ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐ค๐ ๐ข๐ค๐ง๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ฉ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐ข๐๐ฃ๐ฎ ๐ฅ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ก๐ค๐๐๐๐จ ๐๐จ๐จ๐ค๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐ข๐ช๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ๐จ ๐ค๐ง ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ง๐๐ค๐ง๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ก๐จ. ๐๐๐๐ง๐ค๐๐ก๐๐, ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฃโ๐จ ๐ง๐๐จ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ ๐๐ข๐ข๐ช๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ก๐จ, ๐๐๐๐ค๐ข๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐ง๐๐จ๐ฅ๐ค๐ฃ๐จ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐ฅ๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ก๐ค๐๐๐๐จ, ๐จ๐ค๐ข๐๐ฉ๐๐ข๐๐จ ๐ก๐๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐๐ง๐ค๐ฃ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ก๐๐ข๐ข๐๐ฉ๐๐ค๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐จ๐๐๐ง๐ง๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐จ๐จ๐ช๐.
Studies exploring the neural processes involved in cell regeneration are of crucial importance, as they could pave the way towards the development of more effective treatments for many pathologies associated with the mutations or deterioration of cells. Microglia, the brainโs resident immune cells, become active in response to pathologies, sometimes leading to chronic inflammation and the scarring of tissue.
Continue reading “Study unveils neural pathway promoting regeneration after traumatic injuries” »
Throughout our lives, our skin goes through a lot. We get sunburns, we skin our knees, we bleed, we scar and we do it again. Our skin is our largest organ and, in many ways, serves as our protector. Beyond acting as a protective barrier between us and our environment, our skin regulates our body temperature, provides immune protection against harmful microbes and blocks out harmful sunlight in ways that benefit the whole body. And when skin is injured, blood brings healing substances to the site to promote healing as the body awaits new, replacement skin cells.
Regardless of scrapes and scratches, skin cells are constantly renewing themselves throughout our lives โ a process reliant on skin stem cells. These skin stem cells turn over slowly, keeping our skin healthy and young. But as we age, these skin stem cells either numerically or functionally deplete, our skin thins and we are consequentially at higher risk for developing ulcers. The older the skin, the harder it is to heal these ulcers, meaning they can become chronic, open wounds that impact lifestyle and invite infection.
But what if we could activate a skin stem cell to be more responsive to injury? To get an 80-year-oldโs skin to function like a 30-year-oldโs skin? Could we reverse skin stem cell age-related deterioration and improve their turnover? What if we could do so in a way that healed wounds regeneratively, without any scarring? With these questions in mind, a collaborative team of researchers from the Mass General Brigham, Boston Childrenโs Hospital, and four additional Harvard institutions set off to study these powerful cells.
A gene therapy gel for a blistering skin disease developed at Stanford Medicine has worked wonders in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
The gel, called B-VEC, was intended to treat dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, a skin disease that results in large open wounds that last for decades. The condition is extremely painful, and the medical treatment is mostly limited to palliative care.
GPT Chat is a large language model trained by OpenAI, its function is to assist users in generating human-like text based on the input provided to it. It can assist with a wide range of tasks, such as answering questions, providing explanations, and generating original text. Itโs designed to generate natural-sounding text, and itโs constantly learning and improving. Itโs able to process and generate text at scale, making it a powerful tool for natural language processing and generation. Itโs ultimate goal is to make it easier for people to interact with computers and access information using natural language.
Give it a try: https://openai.com/blog/chatgpt/
I had GPT Chat rewrite an articleโฆ More.
Continue reading “ChatGPT: Optimizing Language Models for Dialogue” »
๐๐๐-๐-๐๐๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐ฌ๐ก๐จ๐ฐ๐ฌ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ข๐ฌ๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐ฉ๐๐ญ๐ข๐๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ข๐ญ๐ก ๐ฅ๐ฒ๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ก๐จ๐ฆ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฅ ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ ๐ข๐ง ๐๐๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฅ
๐ผ ๐พ๐ผ๐-๐-๐๐๐ก๐ก ๐ฉ๐๐๐ง๐๐ฅ๐ฎ ๐ ๐ฃ๐ค๐ฌ๐ฃ ๐๐จ ๐๐ญ๐๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐๐๐ก๐ค๐ก๐๐ช๐๐๐ก (๐๐ญ๐-๐๐๐ก) ๐๐จ ๐จ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐๐ค๐ฌ๐จ ๐๐ฃ๐๐ค๐ช๐ง๐๐๐๐ฃ๐ ๐จ๐๐๐ฃ๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ฎ ๐๐ฃ ๐ ๐จ๐ข๐๐ก๐ก ๐ฅ๐๐ก๐ค๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ง๐๐๐ก ๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐ค๐ก๐ซ๐๐ฃ๐ ๐ฅ๐๐ฉ๐๐๐ฃ๐ฉ๐จ ๐ฌ๐๐ฉ๐ ๐ก๐ฎ๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ค๐ข๐ ๐ค๐ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐ฃ๐/๐ค๐ง ๐จ๐ฅ๐๐ฃ๐๐ก ๐๐ค๐ง๐, ๐ฟ๐๐ฃ๐-๐๐๐ง๐๐๐ง ๐พ๐๐ฃ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ฃ๐จ๐ฉ๐๐ฉ๐ช๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ฃ๐ซ๐๐จ๐ฉ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ค๐ง๐จ ๐ง๐๐ฅ๐ค๐ง๐ฉ ๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐๐ 64๐ฉ๐ ๐ผ๐ข๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐ค๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ฎ ๐ค๐ ๐๐๐ข๐๐ฉ๐ค๐ก๐ค๐๐ฎ (๐ผ๐๐) ๐ผ๐ฃ๐ฃ๐ช๐๐ก ๐๐๐๐ฉ๐๐ฃ๐.
A CAR-T-cell therapy known as axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) is safe and shows encouraging signs of efficacy in a small pilot trial involving patients with lymphoma of the brain and/or spinal cord, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute investigators report at the 64th American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting.
๐๐๐ฌ๐๐๐ซ๐๐ก ๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐จ๐ซ๐๐ฌ ๐๐๐ซ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐๐ข๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ซ๐๐งโ๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐๐ง๐ ๐ฎ๐๐ ๐ ๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ฒ๐ฌ
๐๐ฃ ๐ ๐ฃ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ฉ๐ช๐๐ฎ ๐ก๐๐ ๐๐ฎ ๐ผ๐จ๐จ๐ค๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ ๐๐ง๐ค๐๐๐จ๐จ๐ค๐ง ๐๐ฎ๐ฃ๐ฃ ๐๐๐ง๐ง๐ฎ, ๐ง๐๐จ๐๐๐ง๐๐๐๐ง๐จ ๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐ค๐ช๐ฃ๐ ๐ฉ๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐๐ ๐จ๐ฅ๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐๐จ ๐ค๐ ๐ฌ๐ค๐ง๐๐จ ๐๐๐๐ก๐๐ง๐๐ฃ ๐ ๐ฃ๐ค๐ฌ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐ฉ ๐๐๐ฃ ๐๐ ๐๐ฃ ๐๐๐ง๐ก๐ฎ ๐ฅ๐ง๐๐๐๐๐ฉ๐ค๐ง ๐ค๐ ๐ก๐๐ฃ๐๐ช๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ช๐ก๐ฉ๐๐๐จ
In a new study led by Associate Professor Lynn Perry, researchers have found that the specific types of words children know first can be an early predictor of language difficulties.
Continue reading “Research explores early predictors of childrenโs language delays” »
Cancer, caused by abnormal overgrowth of cells, is the second-leading cause of death in the world. Researchers from the Salk Institute have zeroed in on specific mechanisms that activate oncogenes, which are altered genes that can cause normal cells to become cancer cells.
Cancer can be caused by genetic mutations, yet the impact of specific types such as structural variants that break and rejoin DNA, can vary widely. The findings, published in Nature on December 7, 2022, show that the activity of those mutations depends on the distance between a particular gene and the sequences that regulate the gene, as well as on the level of activity of the regulatory sequences involved.
Nerve cells can regulate their sensitivity to incoming signals autonomously. A new study led by the University of Bonn has now discovered a mechanism that does just that. The German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology of Behavior were involved in the work. The results have now been published in the journal Cell Reports.
Anyone who has ever sent a voice message with a cell phone knows how much the volume matters: Shouting into the microphone results in a distorted and unclear recording. But whispering is not a good idea eitherโthen the result is too quiet and also difficult to understand. That is why sound engineers ensure the perfect sound at every concert and talk show: They regulate each microphoneโs gain to match the input signal.
The neurons in the brain can also fine-tune their sensitivity, and even do so autonomously. A new study led by the University of Bonn and the University Hospital Bonn shows how they do this. For this purpose, the participants investigated nerve cell networks that also play a role in vision, hearing and touch. The stimulus first travels to the so-called thalamus, a structure deep in the center of the brain. From there, it is then conducted to the cerebral cortex, where it is further processed.
