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Archive for the ‘neuroscience’ category: Page 16

Sep 6, 2020

Brain imaging expertise supports new discoveries on decision-making process

Posted by in categories: futurism, neuroscience

Research carried out by a University academic has shed new light on the fundamentals of how, and why, we make the decisions we do.

In two separate studies, UKRI Future Leader Fellow and Lecturer in Psychology, Dr. Elsa Fouragnan has used her expertise in imaging (fMRI) and to discover exactly what happens in the brains of human and non-human primates when certain kinds of decisions are made in different contexts. Both pieces of work were carried out in collaboration with researchers at the University of Oxford’s Department of Experimental Psychology.

The first, published in Nature Communications, explores how and where the encodes a memory of the general rate in an environment, what the team describes as the ‘richness’ of the context in which decisions are made.

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Sep 6, 2020

DARPA teams begin work on tiny brain implant to treat PTSD

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, computing, neuroscience

Circa 2014 o,.o.


The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA, has announced the start of a five-year, $26 million effort to develop brain implants that can treat mental disease with deep-brain stimulation.

The hope is to implant electrodes in different regions of the brain along with a tiny chip placed between the brain and the skull. The chip would monitor electrical signals in the brain and send data wirelessly back to scientists in order to gain a better understanding of psychological diseases like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The implant would also be used to trigger electrical impulses in order to relieve symptoms.

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Sep 6, 2020

Brain-Computer Interfaces: An Initial Assessment

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, computing, cyborgs, drones, law, military, neuroscience, policy

Military brain computer interface BCI — rand.


The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) has invested in the development of technologies that allow the human brain to communicate directly with machines, including the development of implantable neural interfaces able to transfer data between the human brain and the digital world. This technology, known as brain-computer interface (BCI), may eventually be used to monitor a soldier’s cognitive workload, control a drone swarm, or link with a prosthetic, among other examples. Further technological advances could support human-machine decisionmaking, human-to-human communication, system control, performance enhancement and monitoring, and training. However, numerous policy, safety, legal, and ethical issues should be evaluated before the technology is widely deployed. With this report, the authors developed a methodology for studying potential applications for emerging technology. This included developing a national security game to explore the use of BCI in combat scenarios; convening experts in military operations, human performance, and neurology to explore how the technology might affect military tactics, which aspects may be most beneficial, and which aspects might present risks; and offering recommendations to policymakers. The research assessed current and potential BCI applications for the military to ensure that the technology responds to actual needs, practical realities, and legal and ethical considerations.

Sep 5, 2020

The Brain Implants That Could Change Humanity

Posted by in categories: computing, neuroscience

He was also scared because the experiment showed, in a concrete way, that humanity was at the dawn of a new era, one in which our thoughts could theoretically be snatched from our heads. What was going to happen, Dr. Gallant wondered, when you could read thoughts the thinker might not even be consciously aware of, when you could see people’s memories?


Opinion

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Sep 5, 2020

This Gene May Be Why Women with Alzheimer’s Disease Live Longer

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience, sex

Women with Alzheimer’s disease tend to live longer than men with the disease — and a new study suggests that a gene on the X chromosome may help explain why.

Each person typically has one pair of sex chromosomes in each cell of their body. People assigned female at birth typically have two X chromosomes, while people assigned male at birth typically have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.

Researchers say a gene called KDM6A may explain why women with Alzheimer’s disease tend to live longer than men with the same condition.

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Sep 5, 2020

Depression Has Skyrocketed During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Study Says

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, neuroscience

The lockdown “cure” for COVID may have caused more damage than the disease…

Sep 4, 2020

Nearly 100 common drugs linked to increased risk of thinking and memory problems

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, genetics, neuroscience

MINNEAPOLIS — A new study is sounding the alarm for patients taking dozens of common prescription and over-the-counter drugs. Researchers find that taking a particular class of drug, anticholinergics, increases the risk of developing mild thinking and memory problems.

The study shows there are about 100 of these types of drugs in widespread use. These medications treat everything from colds to high blood pressure to depression.

The research, published in the journal Neurology, finds that people with genetic risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease are particularly susceptible to these issues. Overall, scientists reveal patients with no cognitive issues are 47 percent more likely to develop a mental impairment if they’re taking at least one anticholinergic drug.

Sep 4, 2020

Scientists Start Building a Parts List for the Brain

Posted by in category: neuroscience

A new study provides an extraordinary close-up of the menagerie of neural cell types, yielding possible leads for neurological and psychiatric treatments.

Sep 4, 2020

Neuralink: 3 neuroscientists react to Elon Musk’s brain chip reveal

Posted by in categories: computing, Elon Musk, neuroscience

With a pig-filled demonstration, Neuralink revealed its latest advancements in brain implants this week. But what do scientists think of Elon Musk’s company’s grand claims?

Sep 4, 2020

Sleep ‘cleans’ the brain

Posted by in categories: biotech/medical, health, neuroscience

Sleep has critical roles in health and regeneration, and one of those is clearing the brain of metabolic waste, according to researchers from the US and Denmark.

Now, as reported in the journal Nature Communications, they’ve discovered in mice that the time of day matters, suggesting the process is controlled by circadian rhythms.

“Our group has shown that just being awake or asleep drastically changes how well the brain can clear waste,” says lead author Lauren Hablitz from the University of Rochester Medical Centre.

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